Carboxylic Acids, Esters, Amines, and Amides

Draw the condensed structural or line-angle formulas for the products from the acid-or base-catalyzed hydrolysis of each of the following:

a.

b.

c.

d.

What carboxylic acid is responsible for the pain of an ant sting?

What carboxylic acid is found in vinegar?

Write the IUPAC and common name, if any, for each of the following carboxylic acids:

a.

b.

c.

d.

Write the IUPAC and common name, if any, for each of the following carboxylic acids:

a.

b.

c.

d.

14.5 Draw the condensed structural formulas for $a$ and $b$ line-angle formulas for $c$ and $d$ :

a. $3,4$-dibromobutanoic acid

b. $2$-chloropropanoic acid

c. benzoic acid

d. heptanoic acid

$c$14.6 Draw the condensed structural formulas for $a$ and $b$ and line-angle formulas for  and $d$ :

a. $2,3$-dimethylpentanoic acid

b. $3,3$ -dichloropropanoic acid

c. $3$-ethylbenzoic acid

d. hexanoic acid

Identify the compound in each group that is most soluble in water. Explain.

a. propanoic acid, hexanoic acid, benzō̄ic acid

b. pentane, $1$-hexanol, propanoic acid

Identify the compound in each group that is most soluble in water. Explain.

a. butanone, butanoic acid, butane

b. ethanoic acid (acetic acid), hexanoic acid, octanoic acid

Write the balanced chemical equation for the dissociation of each of the following carboxylic acids in water:

a. pentanoic acid

b. acetic acid

Write the balanced chemical equation for the dissociation of each of the following carboxylic acids in water:

(a)

(b) butanoic acid 

Write the balanced chemical equation for the reaction of each of the following carboxylic acids with NaOH:

a. formic acid

b. 3-chloropropanoic acid

c. benzoic acid

Write the balanced chemical equation for the reaction of each of the following carboxylic acids with $KOH$ :

a. acetic acid

b. 2-methylbutanoic acid

c. 4-chlorobenzoic acid

14.13 Write the IUPAC and common names, if any, of the carboxylate salts produced in problem $14-11.$

Write the IUPAC and common names, if any, of the carboxylate salts produced in problem $14.12.$.

Draw the condensed structural formula for the ester formed when each of the following reacts with methyl alcohol:

a. acetic acid

b. pentanoic acid

Draw the condensed structural formula for the ester formed when each of the following reacts with ethyl alcohol:

a. formic acid

b. propionic acid

Draw the condensed structural or line-angle formula for the ester formed in each of the following reactions:

(a)

(b)

Draw the condensed structural or line-angle formula for the ester formed in each of the following reactions:

(a)

(b)

Write the IUPAC and common names, if any, for each of the following:

(a)

(b)

(c)

Write the IUPAC and common names, if any, for each of the following:

(part a)

(part b)

(part c)

14.21 Draw the condensed structural formulas for $a$ and $b$ and line-angle formulas for $c$ and $d$ :

a. propyl butyrate

b. butyl formate

c. ethyl pentanoate

d. methyl propanoate

Draw the condensed structural formulas for $a$ and $b$ and lineangle formulas for $c$ and $d$ :

a. hexyl acetate

b. ethyl methanoate

c. propyl benzoate

d. methyl octanoate

What is the ester responsible for the flavor and odor of the following fruit?

a. banana

b. orange

c. apricot

What flavor would you notice if you smelled or tasted the following?

a. ethyl butanoate

b. propyl acetate

c. pentyl acetate

Draw the condensed structural or line-angle formulas for the products from the acid- or base-catalyzed hydrolysis of each of the following:

a.

b. 

c.

d.

What are the products of the acid hydrolysis of an ester?

What are the products of the base hydrolysis of an ester?

Write the balanced chemical equations for the (1) reaction of each of the following amines with water and (2) neutralization with HBr:

a. ethylmethylamine

b. propylamine

c. N-methylaniline

Write the common name for each of the following:

a.

b.

c.

Write the common name for each of the following:

a. 

b.

c.

Draw the condensed structural formula, or line-angle formula if cyclic, for each of the following amines:

a. ethylamine

b. $N$-methylaniline

c. butyl propylamine

Draw the condensed structural formula, or line-angle formula if cyclic, for each of the following amines:

a. diethyl amine

b. $4-$ chloroaniline

c. $N, N-$diethyl aniline

Classify each of the following amines as primary$\left(1^{\circ }\right)$ , secondary $\left(2^{\circ }\right)$, or tertiary $\left(3^{\circ }\right)$:

a. 

b. 

c.

d.

Classify each of the following amines as primary $\left(1^{\circ }\right)$, secondary $\left(2^{\circ }\right)$, or tertiary $\left(3^{\circ }\right)$:

a.

b.

c.

d.

Indicate if each of the following is soluble in water. Explain.

a.

b.

c.

d.

Indicate if each of the following is soluble in water. Explain.

a.

b.

c.

d.

Write the balanced chemical equations for the $\left(1\right)$ reaction of each of the following amines with water and $\left(2\right)$ neutralization with HCl:

a. methylamine

b. dimethylamine

c. aniline

Write the balanced chemical equations for the (1) reaction of each of the following amines with water and (2) neutralization with HBr:

a. ethylmethylamine

b. propylamine

c. N-methylaniline

Draw the condensed structural or line-angle formulas for the products from the hydrolysis of each of the following amides with HCl:

 a)

b)

c)

d)

e)

Draw the condensed structural or line-angle formula for the amide formed in each of the following reactions:

a.

b.

c.

Draw the condensed structural or line-angle formula for the amide formed in each of the following reactions:

a. 

b.

c.

Write the IUPAC and common names, if any, for each of the following amides:

a.

b.

c.

Write the IUPAC and common names, if any, for each of the following amides:

a.

b.

c.

Draw the condensed structural formula for each of the following amides:

a. propionamide

b. $2-$methylpentanamide

c. methanamide

d. $N,N-$dimethyl ethanamide

Draw the condensed structural formula for each of the following amides:

a. heptolamide

b. $3-$chlorobenzamide

c. $3-$methyl butyramide

d. $N-$ethylpropanamide

a. Identify the functional groups in dicyclanil.

b. The recommended application for dicyclanil for an adult sheep is  65 mg / kg  of body mass. If  dicyclanil is supplied in a spray with a concentration of 50.mg/mL, how many milliliters of the  spray are required to treat a 70.-kg adult sheep?

Draw the condensed structural or line-angle formulas for the products from the hydrolysis of each of the following amides with $\mathrm{NaOH}$ :

a)

b)

c)

d)

e)

a. Identify the functional groups in enrofloxacin.

b. The recommended dose for enrofloxacin for sheep is $30. mg/kg$ of body mass for $5 days$. Enrofloxacin is supplied in $50.-mL$ vials with a concentration of $100. mg/mL$. How many vials are needed to treat a $64-kg$ sheep for $5 days$?

Draw the condensed structural formulas and write the IUPAC names for two structural isomers of the carboxylic acids that have the molecular formula ${\mathrm{C}}_4{\mathrm{H}}_8{\mathrm{O}}_2,(14,1)$