Atoms and Elements

Indicate if each of the following statements is true or false:  $(4.3)$

a. The neutron is electrically neutral.

b. Most of the mass of an atom is due to the protons and neutrons.

c. The charge of an electron is equal, but opposite, to the charge of a neutron.

d. The proton and the electron have about the same mass.

e. The mass number is the number of protons.

Complete the following statement: $(4.2 , 4.3)$

a. The atomic number gives the number of _______ in the nucleus.

b. In an atom, the number of electrons is equal to the number of _______.

c. Sodium and potassium are examples of elements called________.

Complete the following statement:  $(4.2 , 4.5)$

a. The number of protons and neutrons in an atom is also the ________ number.

b. The elements in Group $7A\left(17\right)$ are called the ________.

c. Elements that are shiny and conduct heat are called ________.

Why is the ionization energy of Ca higher than K, but lower than that of Mg? $(4.7)$

Why is the ionization energy of CI lower than F, but higher than that of S?  

Write the group number and the electron arrangement for each of the following: $(4.6)$

a. Magnesium

b. Chlorine

c. Beryllium

d. Argon

Write the group number and the electron arrangement for each of the following: $(4.6)$

a. Oxygen

b. Sodium

c. Neon

d. Boron

The most abundant isotope of silver is $\begin{array}{c}107\\ 47\end{array}Ag$. $(4.4,4.5)$

a. How many protons, neutrons, and electrons are in $\begin{array}{c}107\\ 47\end{array}Ag$?

b. What is the atomic symbol of another isotope of silver with $62$ neutrons?

c. What is the atomic symbol and name of an atom with the same mass number as in part b and $61$ neutrons.

The most abundant isotope of lead is $\begin{array}{c}208\\ 82\end{array}Pb$.$(4.4,4.5)$

a. How many protons, neutrons, and electrons are in $\begin{array}{c}208\\ 82\end{array}Pb$?

b. What is the atomic symbol of another isotope of lead with $132$neutrons?

c.  What is the atomic symbol and name of an atom with the same mass number as in part b and $131$ neutrons?

Write the atomic symbol for each of the following: $(4.4,4.5)$

a. an aluminum atom with $14$ neutrons.

b. an atom with atomic number $26 and 32$ neutrons.

c. a strontium atom with $50$ neutrons

d. an atom with a mass number of $72$ and atomic number $33$

There are four naturally occurring isotopes of Strontium: ${}_{38}{}^{84}Sr, {}_{38}{}^{86}Sr, {}_{38}{}^{87}Sr, and {}_{38}{}^{88}Sr$.

a. How many protons, neutrons, and electrons are in $Sr-87$?

b. What is the most abundant isotope in a Strontium sample?

c. How many neutrons are in $Sr-84$?

d. Why don't any of the isotopes of strontium have the atomic mass of $87.62 amu$ listed on the periodic table?

There are four naturally occurring isotopes of Iron: ${}_{26}{}^{54}Fe, {}_{26}{}^{56}Fe, {}_{26}{}^{57}Fe and {}_{26}{}^{58}Fe$

a. How many protons, neutrons, and electrons are in ${}_{26}{}^{58}Fe$?

b. What is the most abundant isotope in an Iron sample?

c. How many neutrons are in ${}_{26}{}^{57}Fe$?

d. Why don't any of the isotopes of Iron have the atomic mass of $55.85 \mathrm{amu}$ listed on the periodic table?

Give the symbol of the element that has the

a. smallest atomic size in Group $6A \left(16\right)$

b. smallest atomic size in Period $3$

c. highest ionization energy in Group $5A \left(15\right)$

d. lowest ionization energy in Period $3$

e. most metallic character in Group $2A\left(2\right)$.

Give the symbol of the element that has the

a. largest atomic size in Group $1A\left(1\right)$

b. largest atomic size in Period $4$

c. highest ionization energy in Group $2A\left(2\right)$

d. lowest ionization energy in Group $7A\left(17\right)$

e. least metallic character in Group $4A\left(14\right)$.

Write the atomic symbol for each of the following:  $(4.4, 4.5)$

a. an atom with four protons and five neutrons.

b. an atom with $12$ protons and $14$ neutrons

c. a calcium atom with a mass number of $46$

d. an atom with $30$electrons and $40$ neutrons.

Of the elements, Li, Be, N, and F, which $(4.7)$

a. is an alkaline earth metal?

b. has the largest atomic size?

c. has the highest ionization energy?

d. is found in Group $5A\left(15\right)$?

e. has the most metallic character?

Of the elements, F, Br, Cl, and I, which $(4.7)$

a. has the largest atomic size?

b. has the smallest atomic size?

c. has the lowest ionization energy?

d. requires the most energy to remove an electron?

e. is found in period $4$?