Atoms and Elements

Write the symbols for the following elements :

a. oxygen          b. lithium           c. uranium   d. titanium

e. hydrogen       f.  chromium     g. tin            h. gold

Write the symbols for the following elements :

a. copper      b. platinum    c. calcium    d. manganese

e. iron            f.  barium       g. lead         h. strontium

Write the name for the symbol of each of the following elements found in the body :

a. $\mathrm{V}$        b. $\mathrm{P}$          c. $\mathrm{Na}$          d. $\mathrm{As}$

e. $\mathrm{Ca}$       f. $\mathrm{Mo}$       g. $\mathrm{Mg}$         h. $\mathrm{Si}$

Write the name for the symbol of each of the following elements found in the body :

a. $\mathrm{C}$         b. $\mathrm{Cl}$         c. $\mathrm{I}$        d. $\mathrm{Se}$

e. $\mathrm{N}$         f. $\mathrm{S}$           g. $\mathrm{Zn}$    h. $\mathrm{Co}$

Write the names for the elements in each of the following formulas of compounds used in medicine :

a. salt substitute, $\mathrm{KCl}$

b. dental cement, ${\mathrm{Zn}}_3{\left({\mathrm{PO}}_4\right)}_2$

c. antacid, $\mathrm{Mg}{\left(\mathrm{OH}\right)}_2$

d. contrast agent for X-ray, ${\mathrm{BaSO}}_4$

Write the names for the elements in each of the following formulas of compounds used in medicine :

a. table salt, $\mathrm{NaCl}$

b. plaster casts, ${\mathrm{CaSO}}_4$

c. Demerol, ${\mathrm{C}}_{15}{\mathrm{H}}_{22}{\mathrm{ClNO}}_2$

d. treatment of bipolar disorder, ${\mathrm{Li}}_2{\mathrm{CO}}_3$

Identify the group or period number described by each of the following :

a. contains $\mathrm{C}$,$\mathrm{N}$and $\mathrm{O}$              b. begins with helium

c. contains the alkali metals     d. ends with neon

Identify the group or period number described by each of the following :

a. contains $\mathrm{Na}$, $\mathrm{K}$ and $\mathrm{Rb}$              b. begins with $\mathrm{Be}$

c. contains the noble gases           d. contains $\mathrm{B}$, $\mathrm{N}$ and $\mathrm{F}$

Give the symbol of the element described by each of the following:
a. Group $4A\left(14\right)$  ,Period $2$
b. the noble gas in Period $1$
c. the alkali metal in Period $3$
d. Group $2A\left(2\right)$  , Period $4$
e. Group $13$ , Period $3$

Give the symbol of the element described by each of the following:
a. the alkaline earth metal in Period $2$
b. Group $\left(15\right)$  , Period $3$
c. the noble gas in Period $4$
d. the halogen in Period $5$
e. Group $4A\left(14\right)$  , Period $4$

Identify each of the following elements as a metal, a nonmetal, or a metalloid:
 a. calcium
 b. sulfur
 c. a shiny element
 d. an element that is a gas at room temperature
 e. located in Group  (18)
 f. bromine
 g. boron
 h. silver

Identify each of the following elements as a metal, a nonmetal, or a metalloid:
a. Located in Group $2A\left(2\right)$
 b. A good conductor of electricity
 c. Chlorine
 d. Arsenic
 e. An element that is not shiny
 f. Oxygen
 g. Nitrogen
 h. Tin

Using Table 4.4, identify the function of each of the following in the body and classify each as an alkali metal, an alkaline earth metal, a transition element, or a halogen:
 a. Ca
 b. Fe
 c. K
 d. Cl

Using Table 4.4, identify the function of each of the following in the body and classify each as an alkali metal, an alkaline earth metal, a transition element, or a halogen:
 a. Mg
 b. Cu
 c. I
 d. Na

Using the Chemistry Link to Health: Elements Essential to Health, answer each of the following:
 a. What is a macromineral?
 b. What is the role of sulfur in the human body?
 c. How many grams of sulfur would be a typical amount in a $60kg$ adult?

Using the Chemistry Link to Health: Elements Essential to Health, answer each of the following:
 a. What is a micromineral?
 b. What is the role of iodine in the human body?
 c. How many milligrams of iodine would be a typical amount in a  adult?

Identify each of the following as describing either a proton, a neutron, or an electron:

a. has the smallest mass 

b. has a $+1$ charge

c. is found outside the nucleus

d. is electrically neutral

Identify each of the following as describing either a proton, a neutron, or an electron: 

a. has a mass about the same as proton

b.  is found in the nucleus

c. is attracted to protons

d. has a $1-$ charge

What did Rutherford determine about the structure of the atom from his gold-foil experiment?

How did Thomson determine that the electrons have a negative charge?

On a dry day, your hair flies apart when you brush it. How would you explain this?

Sometimes clothes cling together when removed from a dryer. What kinds  of charges are on the clothes?

Is each of the following statements true or false?

a. A proton and an electron have opposite charges.

b. The nucleus contains most of the mass of an atom.

c. Electrons repel each other.

d. A proton is attracted to a neutron.

Is each of the following statements true or false?

a. A proton is attracted to an electron.

b. A neutron has twice the mass of a proton.

c. Neutrons repel each other.

d. Electrons and neutrons have opposite charges.

Would you use the atomic number, mass number, or both to determine each of the following? 

a. number of protons in an atom 

b. number of neutrons in an atom 

c. number of particles in the nucleus 

d. number of electrons in a neutral atom 

Identify the type of subatomic particles described by each of the following: 

a. atomic number 

b. mass number 

c. mass number $-$ atomic number

d. mass number $+$ atomic number 

Write the names and symbols for the elements with the following atomic numbers: 

a. $3$     b. $9$    c. $20$    d. $30$

e. $10$   f. $14$   g. $53$    h. $8$

Write the names and symbols for the elements with the following atomic numbers: 

a. $1$    b. $11$   c. $19$   d.$82$ 

e. $35$    f. $47$       g. $15$     h. $2$

How many protons and electrons are there in a neutral atom of each of the following elements?

a. argon

b. manganese

c. iodine

d. cadmium

How many protons and electrons are there in a neutral atom of each of the following elements?

a. carbon

b. fluorine

c. tin

d. nickel

Complete the following table for atoms of essential elements in the body:

Complete the following table for atoms of essential elements in the body:

Two isotopes of gallium occur naturally, ${}_{31}{}^{69}Ga$ and ${}_{31}{}^{71}Ga$. Which isotope of gallium is more abundant?

Two isotopes of rubidium occur naturally, ${}_{37}{}^{85}Rb$ and ${}_{37}{}^{87}Rb$. Which isotope of rubidium is more abundant?

What are the number of protons, neutrons, and electrons in the following isotopes?

a. ${}_{38}{}^{89}Sr$

b. ${}_{24}{}^{52}Cr$

c. ${}_{16}{}^{34}S$

d. ${}_{35}{}^{81}Br$

What are the number of protons, neutrons, and electrons in the following isotopes?

a. ${}_1{}^{2}H$

b. ${}_7{}^{14}N$

c. ${}_{14}{}^{26}Si$

d. ${}_{30}{}^{70}Zn$

Write the atomic symbol for the isotope with each of the following characteristics:

a. $15$ protons and $16$ neutrons

b. $35$ protons and $45$ neutrons

c. $50$ electrons and $72$ neutrons

d. A chlorine atom with $18$ neutrons

e. A mercury atom with $122$ neutrons

Write the atomic symbol for the isotope with each of the following characteristics:

a. An oxygen atom with $10$ neutrons 

b. $4$ protons and $5$ neutrons

c. $25$ electrons and 28 neutrons 

d. A mass number of $24$ and $13$ neutrons

e. A nickel atom with $32$ neutrons

Argon has three naturally occurring isotopes, with mass numbers $36, 38,$ and $40$.

a. Write the atomic symbol for each of these atoms.

b. How are these isotopes alike? 

c. How are they different?

d. Why is the atomic mass of argon listed on the periodic table, not a whole number?

e. Which isotope is the most abundant in a sample of argon?

Strontium has four naturally occurring isotopes, with mass numbers $84, 86, 87,$ and $88$

a. Write the atomic symbol for each of these atoms.

b. How are these isotopes alike?

c. How are they different?

d. Why is the atomic mass of strontium listed on the periodic table not a whole number

e. Which isotope is the most abundant in a sample of strontium

Copper consists of two isotopes, ${}_{29}{}^{63}Cu$ and ${}_{29}{}^{65}Cu$.If the atomic

mass for copper on the periodic table is $63.55$, are there more

atoms of ${}_{29}{}^{63}Cu$ and ${}_{29}{}^{65}Cu$ in a sample of copper?

Indium consists of two isotopes, ${}_{49}{}^{113}In$ and ${}_{49}{}^{115}In$. If the atomic mass for indium on the periodic table is $114.8$, are there more atoms of ${}_{49}{}^{113}In$ or ${}_{49}{}^{115}In$ in a sample of indium?

There are two naturally occurring isotopes of thallium:  ${}_{81}{}^{203}TI$ and ${}_{81}{}^{205}TI$. Use the atomic mass of thallium listed on the periodic table to identify the more abundant isotope.

There are five naturally occurring isotopes of zinc:${}_{30}{}^{64}Zn$,${}_{30}{}^{66}Zn$,${}_{30}{}^{67}Zn$,${}_{30}{}^{68}Zn$ ,    and ${}_{30}{}^{70}Zn$   . None of these isotopes has the atomic mass of  $65.41$ listed for zinc on the periodic table.
 Explain.

Identify the elements that have following electron arrangements:

Write the electron arrangement for each of the following elements: (Example: sodium $2,8,1$)

a. Carbon
b. Argon
c. Potassium
d. Silicon
e. Helium  

f. Nitrogen 

Write the electron arrangement for each of the following
elements: (Example: sodium $2,8,1$)
a. Phosphorus
b. Neon 
c. Sulfur

d. Magnesium

e. Aluminum 
f. Fluorine 

Identify the elements that have following electron arrangements:

Electron can move to higher energy levels when they_____(emit/absorb) energy.

Electron drop to lower energy levels when they____(emit/absorb) energy.