Q. 4.112 - An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry

Question

Of the elements, F, Br, Cl, and I, which $(4.7)$

a. has the largest atomic size?

b. has the smallest atomic size?

c. has the lowest ionization energy?

d. requires the most energy to remove an electron?

e. is found in period $4$?

Step-by-Step Solution

Answer

a. The largest atomic size of the element is I.

b. The smallest atomic size of the element is F.

c. The lowest ionization energy of the element is I.

d. The requires the most energy to remove an electron of the element is F.

e. The element Br is found in period $4$.

Part (a) step 1: Given Information

We need to find the largest atomic size from the elements, F, Br, Cl, and I. 

Part (a) step 2: Simplify

The atomic size increases going down a group, but going left to right across a period denotes a decrease in atomic size.

Of the four choices  (F, Br, Cl, and I), Iodine (I) has the biggest atomic size because it can be observed in the periodic table that they belong in the same group, and iodine is located below the other choices.

Part (b) step 1: Given Information

 We need to find the smallest atomic size from the elements, F, Br, Cl, and I.  

Part (b) step 2: Simplify

The atomic size increases going down a group, but going left to right across a period denotes a decrease in atomic size.

Of the four choices  (F, Br, Cl, and I), Fluorine (F)  has the smallest atomic size because it can be observed in the periodic table that they belong in the same group, and Fluorine is located below the other choices.

Part (c) step 1: Given Information

 We need to find the lowest ionization energy from the elements, F, Br, Cl, and I.  

Part (c) step 2: Simplify

Ionization energy decreases going down a group but going left to right across a period.

Of the four choices  (F, Br, Cl, and I), Iodine (I) has the lowest ionization energy because it can be observed in the periodic table that they belong in the same group, and iodine is located below the other choices.

Part (d) step 1: Given Information

We need to find the requires the most energy to remove an electron.

Part (d) step 2: Simplify

Ionization energy refers to the amount of energy required to remove one of an atom's outermost electrons. In the periodic table, ionization energy decrease going down a group but increases going left to right across a period.

Of the four choices  (F, Br, Cl, and I), Fluorine (F) requires the most energy to remove an electron because it can be observed in the periodic table that they all belong in the same group, and Fluorine is located above the other choices.

Part (e) step 1: Given Information

 We need to find the element in the period $4$ from the elements, F, Br, Cl, and I.  

Part (e) step 2: Simplify

Here,

Of the four choices  (F, Br, Cl, and I), Bromine (Br) is the only one located at period $4$ in the periodic table.