Matter and Energy

What is ${56}^{\circ }F$ in degrees Celsius and in kelvins?

Oa a hot sunny day, you get out of the swimming pool and sit in a metal chair, which is very hot. Would you predict that the specific heat of the metal is higher or lower than that of water? Explain. 

If you want to lose $1 lb$ of "body fat," which is $15\%$ water, how many kilocalories do you need to expend? 

A 115-g sample of steam at ${100}^{o}C$ is emitted from a volcano. It condenses, cools, and falls as snow at $0^{o}C$. How many kilojoules were released?

Metal is thought to be titanium or aluminium. When 4.7g of the metal absorbs 11J, its temperature rises by ${4.5}^{\circ }\mathrm{C}$.

a. What is the specific heat $\left(\mathrm{J}/{\mathrm{g}}^{\circ }\mathrm{C}\right)$ of the metal?

b. Would you identify the metal as titanium or aluminium

An ice bag containing $275 \mathrm{g}$ of ice at $0.0°\mathrm{C}$ was used to treat sore muscles. When the bag was removed, the ice had melted and the liquid water had a temperature of $24.0°\mathrm{C}$. How many kilojoules of heat were absorbed? $(3.6,3.7)$

A $125 g$piece of metal is heated to $288°C$ and dropped into $85.0 g$ of water at $12.0°C$. The metal and water come to the same temperature of $24°C$. What is the specific heat, in $\mathrm{J}/\mathrm{g}{}^{\circ }\mathrm{C}$, of the metal?

When $1.0 g$ of gasoline burns, it releases $11 kcal$. The density of gasoline is$0.74 g/mL$. $(3.4,3.6)$

$\left(a\right)$ How many megajoules are released when $1.0 gal$ of gasoline burns?

$\left(b\right)$If a television requires$150 kJ/h$ to run, how many hours can the television run on the energy provided by $1.0 gal$ of gasoline?

A $45 g$ piece of ice at $0^{\circ }C$ is added to a sample of water at $8.0^{\circ }C$. All of the ice melts and the temperature of the water decreases to $0.0^{\circ }C$. How many grams of water were in the sample? 

When a $0.66g$ sample of olive oil is burned in a calorimeter, the heat released increases the temperature of $370g$ of water from $22.7^{\circ }\mathrm{C}$ to $38.8^{\circ }\mathrm{C}$. What is the energy value for the olive oil in sample?

In a large building, oil is used in a steam boiler heating system. The combustion of $1.0lb$ of oil provides $2.4 \times {10}^{7}J$. $(3.4,3.6)$

$\left(a\right)$How many kilograms of oil are needed to heat $150 kg$ of water from ${22}^{\circ }C$ to ${100}^{\circ }C$ ?

$\left(b\right)$How many kilograms of oil are needed to change $150 kg$ of water to steam at ${100}^{\circ }C$ ?

A metal is thought to be copper or gold. When $18g$ of the metal absorbs $58cal$, its temperature rises by $35°C$. $(3.6)$

a. What is the specific heat, in $cal/g °C$, of the metal?

b. Would you identify the metal as copper or gold (see Table 3.11)?

Gold, one of the most sought-after metals in the world, has a density of $19.3\mathrm{g}/{\mathrm{cm}}^3$, a melting point of ${1064}^{\circ }\mathrm{C}$, and specific heat of $0.129\mathrm{J}/{\mathrm{g}}^{\circ }\mathrm{C}$. A gold nugget found in Alaska in 1998 weighed 20.17 lb.

a. How many significant figures are in the measurement of the weight of the nugget?

b. Which is the mass of the nugget in kilograms?

c. If the nugget were pure gold, what would its volume be in cubic centimetres?

d. What is the melting point of gold in degrees Fahrenheit and kelvins?

e. How many kilocalories are required to raise the temperature of the nugget from ${500}^{\circ }\mathrm{C}\text{ to }{1064}^{\circ }\mathrm{C}$ ?

f. If the price of gold is $\mathrm{\$}42.06$ per gram, what is the nugget worth in dollars.

The mileage for a motorcycle with a fuel-tank capacity of $22 \mathrm{L}$ is $35 \mathrm{mi}/\mathrm{gal}$.
a. How long a trip, in kilometers, can be made on one full tank of gasoline?
b. If the price of gasoline is $\$3.82$ per gallon, what would be the cost of fuel for the trip?
c. If the average speed during the trip is $44 \mathrm{mi}/\mathrm{h}$ how many ours will it take to reach the destination?
d. If the density of gasoline is $0.74 \mathrm{g}/\mathrm{mL}$, what is the mass, in grams, of the fuel in the tank?
e. When $1.00 \mathrm{g}$ of gasoline burns, $47 \mathrm{kJ}$ of energy is released. How many kilojoules are produced when the fuel in one full tank is burned?

Answer the following for the water samples $A$ and $B$ shown in the diagram

$\left(a\right)$ In which sample ($A$ or $B$) does the water have its own shape?

$\left(b\right)$ Which diagram ( $1$ or $2$ or $3$) represents the arrangement of particles in water sample $A$?

$\left(c\right)$ Which diagram ( $1$ or $2$or $3$ ) represents the arrangement of particles in water sample $B$ ?

Answer the following for diagrams $1,2,3$ :

$\left(d\right)$ The state of matter indicated in diagram$1$ is a_____ ; in diagram $2$, it is a  ____; and in diagram $3$, it is a____.

$\left(e\right)$The motion of the particles is slowest in diagram_____.

$\left(f\right)$The arrangement of particles is farthest apart in diagram_______.

$\left(g\right)$ The particles fill the volume of the container in diagram_______.

$\left(h\right)$ If the water in diagram $2$ has a mass of $19 g$ and a temperature of ${45}^{\circ }C$, how much heat, in kilojoules, is removed to cool the liquid to$0^{\circ }C$?

The label of an energy bar with a mass of $68 g$ lists the nutrition facts as $39 g$ of carbohydrate, $5 g$ of fat, and $10 g$ of protein. $(2.5,2.6,3.4,3.6)$

$\left(a\right)$ Using the energy values for carbohydrates, fats, and proteins (see Table), what are the total kilocalories listed for the energy bar? (Round off answers for each food type to the tens place.)

$\left(b\right)$What are the kilojoules for the energy bar? (Round off answers for each food type to the tens place.)

$\left(c\right)$If you obtain $160 kJ$, how many grams of the energy bar did you eat?

$\left(d\right)$ If you are walking and using energy at a rate of $840 kJ/h$, how many minutes will you need to walk to expend the energy from two energy bars?

In one box of nails, there are $75$ iron nails weighing $0.250lb$. The density of iron is $7.86 g/c{m}^3$. The specific heat of iron is $0.425 J/g^{\circ }C$. The melting point of iron is ${1535}^{\circ }C$..$(2.5,2.6,2.7,3.4,3.5)$

$\left(a\right)$What is the volume, in cubic centimeters, of the iron nails in the box?

$\left(b\right)$ If 30 nails are added to a graduated cylinder containing $17.6 mL$ of water, what is the new level of water, in milliliters, in the cylinder?

$\left(c\right)$How much heat, in joules, must be added to the nails in the box to raise their temperature from ${16}^{\circ }C$ to ${125}^{\circ }C$ ?

$\left(d\right)$How much heat, in joules, is required to heat one nail from ${25}^{\circ }C$ to its melting point?

A hot tub is filled with $450 gal$of water. $(2.5,2.6,2.7,3.3, 3.4,3.5)$

$\left(a\right)$ What is the volume of water, in liters, in the tub?

$\left(b\right)$ What is the mass, in kilograms, of water in the tub?

$\left(c\right)$ How many kilocalories are needed to heat the water from ${62}^{\circ }F$ to ${105}^{\circ }F$ ?

$\left(d\right)$ If the hot-tub heater provides $5900 kJ/min$, how long, in minutes, will it take to heat the water in the hot tub from ${62}^{\circ }F$ to ${105}^{\circ }F$ ?