Q. 3 - An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry

Question

Answer the following for the water samples $A$ and $B$ shown in the diagram

$\left(a\right)$ In which sample ($A$ or $B$) does the water have its own shape?

$\left(b\right)$ Which diagram ( $1$ or $2$ or $3$) represents the arrangement of particles in water sample $A$?

$\left(c\right)$ Which diagram ( $1$ or $2$or $3$ ) represents the arrangement of particles in water sample $B$ ?

Answer the following for diagrams $1,2,3$ :

$\left(d\right)$ The state of matter indicated in diagram$1$ is a_____ ; in diagram $2$, it is a  ____; and in diagram $3$, it is a____.

$\left(e\right)$The motion of the particles is slowest in diagram_____.

$\left(f\right)$The arrangement of particles is farthest apart in diagram_______.

$\left(g\right)$ The particles fill the volume of the container in diagram_______.

$\left(h\right)$ If the water in diagram $2$ has a mass of $19 g$ and a temperature of ${45}^{\circ }C$, how much heat, in kilojoules, is removed to cool the liquid to$0^{\circ }C$?

Step-by-Step Solution

Answer

Part $\left(a\right)$

$\left(a\right)$As a result, sample $B$ contains water in its natural state.

Part $\left(b\right)$

$\left(b\right)$ As a result, diagram$2$ depicts the proper configuration.

Part $\left(c\right)$

$\left(c\right)$As a result, diagram $1$ depicts the particle configuration in sample collection $A$.

Part $\left(d\right)$

$\left(d\right)$As a result, it is classified as a gaseous phase and the gaseous state in figure $3$.

Part $\left(e\right)$

$\left(e\right)$As aresult,Diagram $1$ shows the slowest particle movement.

Part $\left(f\right)$

$\left(f\right)$As a result in diagram $3$, the molecule arrangement is the most dispersed.

Part $\left(g\right)$

$\left(g\right)$As a result in  diagram $2$, the particles fill the container's volume.

Part $\left(h\right)$

$\left(h\right)$The total amount of heat required to frozen the liquid is $3.6 kJ$.

Step: 1 Given information: (Part a)

To find in what sample has its unique form of water.

Given are: The figure as

Step: 2 Finding own shape: (Part a)

Water exists in three different states: solid, liquid, and gaseous. The first figure depicts water in a liquid form, whereas the second depicts water in a solid condition. When a substance is in liquid state,  it will not have the structure of its own (a definite shape), it takes the shape of the container. Water exists in its own shape in the solid state. As a result, sample $B$contains water in its natural state.

The figure as

Step: 3 Given information: (Part b)

Given are:The figure as below

To find the arrangement of particles in sample $A.$

Step: 4 Arrangement particle: (Part b)

A physical condition of water in sample collection $A$ is solid. The droplets are compactly organised in the structure, as evidenced by this. As a result, diagram $1$ depicts the particle configuration in sample collection $A$. 

Step: 5 Given information: (Part c)

Given are:The figure as below

To find the arrangement of particles in sample $B.$

Step: 6 Arrangement particles: (Part c)

The basic state of water from water sample $B$ is liquid. This demonstrates that the water droplets are not as tightly packed as those in a solid and are not as loosely packed as those in a gaseous state. As a result, diagram $2$ depicts the arrangement of particles in liquid state.

Step: 7 Given information: (Part d)

Given are: The diagram as below

To find the matter state of three sample given above.

Step: 8 Finding state of matter: (Part d)

The molecules in diagram $1$ are compactly packed and have a certain shape, indicating a solid state of matter. The molecules in diagram $2$ are close together and restricted within the container's volume. As a result, they symbolise the condition of liquid. The molecules in diagram $3$  are widely apart and leaving the container's limited space. As a result, it is classified as a gaseous phase.

As a result,The solid state of matter is shown in diagram $1$, the liquid state in diagram $2$ , and the gaseous state in figure $3$.

Step: 9 Given information: (Part e)

Given are: The figure as below

To find the particle with the slowest movement.

Step: 10 Motion particle: (Part e)

Because the molecules or particles are compactly packed in the structure in the solid state, they are unable to move. Intermolecular attraction forces are also quite strong, and molecule energy is extremely low.

As a result,Diagram $1$ shows the slowest particle movement.

Step: 11 Given information: (Part f)

Given are:The figure as below 

To determine which collection of particles in the diagram is the most distant

Step: 12 Molecule arrangement: (Part f)

Because the molecules in a gaseous state have a high intensity and the interparticle force of attraction is weak, the distance between them is maximum.

As a result,in diagram $3$, the molecule arrangement is the most dispersed.

Step: 13 Given information: (Part g)

To find the volume of particles.

Given are:The figure as below

Step: 14 Volume container: (Part g)

In its liquid condition, the substance has no shape of its own; instead, it absorbs the shape and volume of the container in which it is contained.

As a result,in diagram $2$, the particles fill the container's volume.

Step: 15 Given information: (Part h)

Given are: $19g$ of mass and ${45}^{\circ }C$ temperature.

To find the heat in  kilojules diagram $2$.

Step: 16 Finding heat: (Part h)

calculating the quantity of heat in kilojoules:

$\text{ Heat }=\text{ specific heat }\times \text{ mass }\times \mathrm{\Delta }T$

$\text{ Heat }=4.184\mathrm{J}/{\mathrm{g}}^{\circ }\mathrm{C}\times 19\mathrm{g}\times \left({45}^{\circ }\mathrm{C}-0^{\circ }\mathrm{C}\right)$

$Heat=3,600\mathrm{J}$

$Heat=3.6\mathrm{kJ}.$

As a result,the heat in diagram $2$is $3.6kJ.$