Introduction to Organic Chemistry: Hydrocarbons

Match each of the following physical and chemical properties with cyclohexane, $C_6{H}_{12}$, or calcium nitrate, data-custom-editor="chemistry" $\mathrm{Ca}{\left({\mathrm{NO}}_3\right)}_2$:

a. melts at $500 °C$

b. is insoluble in water

c. does not burn in air

d. is a liquid at room temperature

Match each of the following physical and chemical properties with ethane, ${\mathrm{C}}_2{\mathrm{H}}_6$, or sodium bromide, $\mathrm{NaBr}$:

a. boils at $-89 °C$

b. burns vigorously in air

c. is a solid at $250 °C$ 

d. dissolves in water

Identify each of the following properties as more typical of an organic or inorganic compound:

a. contains $\mathrm{Li}$ and $F$

b. is a gas at room temperature

c. contains covalent bonds

d. produces ions in water

Identify each of the following properties as more typical of an organic or inorganic compound:

a. is soluble in water

b. has a low boiling point

c. contains carbon and hydrogen 

d. contains ionic bonds

Identify each of the following as a formula of an organic or inorganic compound. For an organic compound, indicate if represented as molecular formula, expanded, or condensed structural formula:

a. ${\mathrm{C}}_6{\mathrm{H}}_{12}{\mathrm{O}}_6$

b. $K_{3}P{O}_4$

c. ${\mathrm{I}}_2$

d.

e. $C{H}_3-C{H}_2-C{H}_2-C{H}_2-C{H}_3$

f. ${\mathrm{C}}_4{\mathrm{H}}_9\mathrm{Br}$

Identify each of the following as a formula of an organic or inorganic compound. For an organic compound, indicate if represented as molecular formula, expanded, or condensed structural formula:

a. $\mathrm{KCl}$

b. ${\mathrm{CH}}_3-{\mathrm{CH}}_2-{\mathrm{CH}}_2-{\mathrm{CH}}_3$

c.

d. ${\mathrm{H}}_2{\mathrm{SO}}_4$

e. ${\mathrm{CaCl}}_2$

f. ${\mathrm{C}}_3{\mathrm{H}}_7\mathrm{Cl}$

Draw the condensed structural formula for alkanes or the line angle formula for cycloalkanes for each of the following:

a. $propane$

b. $hexane$

c. $hep\tan e$

d. $cyclohexane$

Give IUPAC names for each of the following alkanes and cycloalkanes:

1. 
   
2. ${\mathrm{H}}_3\mathrm{C}-{\mathrm{CH}}_3$
   
3. 
   

Give IUPAC names for each of the following alkanes and cycloalkanes:

(a)  ${\mathrm{CH}}_4$

(b) 

(c)

(d)

Draw the condensed structural formula for alkane or line angle formula cycloalkane for each of the following:

1. Methane
2. Ethane
3. Butane
4. Cyclopropane

Indicate whether each of the following pairs represents structural isomers or the same molecule:

a. 

b.

c. 

Indicate whether each of the following pairs represents structural isomers or the same molecule:

a.

b. 

c. 

Give the IUPAC name for each of the following:

a.

b. 

c. 

d.

Give the IUPAC name for each of the following:

a. 

b. 

c.

d.

Draw the condensed structural formula for each of the following alkanes:

a. $3,3-dimethylpen\tan e$

b. $2,3,5-trimethylhexane$

c. $3-ethyl-2,5-dimethyloc\tan e$ 

d. $1-bromo-2-chloroethane$

Draw the line-angle formula for each of the following:

a. $1-bromo-2-methylpen\tan e$

b. $methylcyclopropane$

c. $ethylcyclohexane$

d. $4-chlorooc\tan e$

Draw the line-angle formula for each of the following:

a. $3-methylhep\tan e$ 

b. $ethylcyclopen\tan e$

c. $bromocyclobu\tan e$

d. $2,3-dichlorohexane$

Heptane, used as a solvent for rubber cement, has a density of $0.68g/mL$ and boils at ${98}^{°}C$.

a. Draw the condensed structural and line-angle formulas for heptane.

b. Is heptane a solid, liquid, or gas at room temperature?

c. Is heptane soluble in water?

d. Will heptane float on water or sink?

e. Write the balanced chemical equation for the complete combustion of heptane.

Nonane has a density of $0.79g/mL$and boils at ${151}^{0}C$.

a. Draw the condensed structural and line-angle formulas for nonane.

b. Is nonane a solid, liquid, or gas at room temperature?

c. Is nonane soluble in water?

d. Will nonane float on water or sink?

e. Write the balanced chemical equation for the complete combustion of nonane.

Write the balanced chemical equation for the complete combustion of each of the following compounds:

a. ethane

b. cyclopropane

c.$2,3$-dimethylhexane

Write the balanced chemical equation for the complete combustion of each of the following compounds:

a. hexane

b. cyclopentane

c. dimethylpropane

Draw the condensed structural formula for each of the following alkanes:

a. $3-ethylpen\tan e$

b. $3-ethyl-2-methylhep\tan e$

c. $4-ethyl-2,2-dimethyloc\tan e$

d. $2-bromopropane$

Draw the condensed structural formula, or line-angle formula, if cyclic, for each of the following.

a. 1-methylcyclopentene

b. 1-bromo-3-hexyne

c. 3,4-dimethyl-1-pentene

d. 2-methyl-2-hexene

Identify the following as alkanes, alkenes, cycloalkenes or alkynes.

a. 

b. 

c.

d. 

Identify the following as alkanes, alkenes, cycloalkenes, or alkynes :

Identify the following as alkanes, alkenes, cycloalkenes, or alkynes :

Give the IUPAC name for each of the following :

Give the IUPAC name for each of the following :

Give the IUPAC name for each of the following:

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

Identifies the following as a alkanes, alkenes, cycloalkenes, or alkynes.

Give the IUPAC name for each of the following, using cis or trans prefixes, if needed:

Draw the condensed structural formula for each of the following:
a.$trans-1-bromo-2-chloroethene$
b. $cis-2-hexene$
c. $cis-4-octene$

Draw the condensed structural formula for each of the following:
a. $cis-1,2-difluoroethene$
b.$trans-2-pentene$
c. $trans-2-heptene$

Draw the structural formula for each of the following reactions.

Draw the structural formula for the product in each of the following reactions:

Give the IUPAC name for each of the following:

Give the IUPAC name for each of the following:

Draw the line angle formula for each of the following compounds:

$$\begin{gathered} a) phenol \\ b) 1,3-dichlorobenzene \\ c) 4-ethyltoluene \end{gathered}$$

Draw the line angle formula for each of the following compounds:

a) toluene

b) $4-$bromoaniline

c) $1,2,3-$trichlorobenzene

Write the balanced chemical equation for the complete combustion of each of the following hydrocarbons found in gasoline:

a) octane

b) isopentane

c) $3-$ethyltoluene

Write the balanced chemical equation for the complete combustion of each of the following hydrocarbons found in gasoline:

a) decane

b) cyclohexane

c) toluene

Match the following physical and chemical properties with octane, ${\mathrm{C}}_8{\mathrm{H}}_{18}$, found in gasoline, or magnesium sulfate, ${\mathrm{MgSO}}_4$, also called Epsom salts: ($11.1$)

a. contains only covalent bonds

b. melts at $1124 °C$

c. is insoluble in water

d. is a liquid at room temperature 

e. is a strong electrolyte

Identify the compounds in each of the following pairs as structural isomers or not structural isomers: ($11.3$)

a.

b.

Match the following physical and chemical properties with pottasium chloride, KCL, used in salt substances, or butane used in lighters.

a) melts at $-138°C$

b) burn vigorously in air

c) melts at $770°C$

d) contains iconic bonds

e) is a gas at room temperature.

Name each of the following aromatic compounds: 

 Identify the following pairs of structures as structural isomers, cis-trans isomers, or the same molecule:

Identify the following pairs of structures as structural isomers, cis-trans isomers, or the same molecule: 

Give the IUPAC name (including cis or trans, if needed) for each of the following:

Identify the compounds in each of the following pairs as structural isomers or not structural isomers: ($11.3$)

a.

b.

Convert each of the following line-angle formulas to a condensed structural formula and give its IUPAC name: ($11.3$)

a.

b.