Chapter 19

A malpighian corpuscle is (a) Another name for nephron (b) An excretory structure of insects (c) Combined name for glomerulus and Bowman's capsule (d) None of the above

Blood vessel leading to glomerulus is called (a) Renal artery (b) Renal vein (c) Efferent arteriole (d) Afferent arteriole

Blood vessel draining the glomerulus in a mammalian nephron is called (a) Afferent arteriole and is narrower than the vessel entering it. (b) Efferent venule and is narrower than the vessel entering it. (c) Efferent arteriole and is narrower than the vessel entering it. (d) Renal artery and is wider than the vessel entering it.

In mammalian kidneys, the Bowman's capsules or Malpighian corpuscles occur in (a) Cortex (b) Medulla (c) Pelvis (d) All of these

In a glomerulus (a) Afferent arteriole is thicker than efferent arteriole. (b) Afferent capillaries are thicker than efferent capillaries. (c) Afferent capillaries are thinner than efferent capillaries. (d) Afferent arteriole is thinner than efferent arteriole.

Which one of these is not a part of uriniferous tubule? (a) Loop of Henle (b) Collecting duct (c) Bowman's capsule (d) Distal convoluted tubule

Bowman's capsule is lined by (a) Ciliated epithelium (b) Squamous epithelium (c) Cuboidal epithelium (d) Cuboidal and columnar epithelium

Brush border is a characteristic of (a) Neck of nephron (b) Collecting tube (c) Proximal convoluted tubule (d) All of these

Filtration of blood occurs in (a) Loop of Henle (b) Bowman's capsule (c) Lungs (d) Renal papillae

The glomerular filtrate, i.e., the liquid collected in the cavity of Bowman's capsule is (a) Blood minus proteins (b) Blood minus proteins and corpuscles (c) Water (d) Urine

Normally that is absent in Glomerular filtrate is (a) Albumin (b) Glucose (c) \(\mathrm{NaCI}\) (d) Creatinine

The glomerular filtration rate would be decreased by (a) Constriction of the efferent arteriole (b) An increase in afferent arteriolar pressure (c) Compression of the renal capsule (d) An increase in the renal blood flow

A minute vessel runs parallel to the Henle's loop forming ' \(\mathrm{U}\) ' shape vasa recta is a part of (a) Peritubular network (b) Afferent arteriole (c) Efferent arteriole (d) Bowman's capsule

Urine formation mainly involves the process of (a) Ultrafiltration (b) Selective reabsorption (c) Secretion (d) All of these

How much amount of blood is filtered out by kidney's/min? (a) \(500 \mathrm{ml}\) (b) \(1100-1200 \mathrm{ml}\) (c) \(1500 \mathrm{ml}\) (d) \(125 \mathrm{ml}\)

How many layers do filtration membrane consist of? (a) 1 (b) 2 (c) \(\overline{3}\) (d) 4

Filtration membrane consist of (a) Endothelium of glomerular blood vessels (b) Epithelium of Bowman's capsule (c) Basement membrane between the above two layers (d) All the above

Which of the following is incorrect about ultrafiltration? (a) Podocytes are arranged in intricate manner so as to leave minute space called filtration slits and slit pore, filtration occurs finely through these pores. (b) Filtration is so fine that almost all the constituent of blood except protein pass onto the lumen of Bowman's capsule. (c) Filtrated fluid is isotonic to blood plasma. (d) JGA controls the filtration rate of ultrafiltration.

The values of GFR in an healthy individual is (a) \(125 \mathrm{ml} / \mathrm{min}\) (b) \(150 \mathrm{ml} / \mathrm{min}\) (c) \(100 \mathrm{ml} / \mathrm{min}\) (d) \(200 \mathrm{ml} / \mathrm{min}\)

The amount of the filtrate formed by the kidneys are (a) \(125 \mathrm{ml} / \mathrm{min}\) (b) \(7.5\) litre/hr (c) 180 litre/day (d) All of these

Select the total number of correct matching. (1) JGA \(\rightarrow\) Juxtaglomerular Apparatus (2) GFR \(\rightarrow\) Glomerular Filtration Rate (3) \(\mathrm{PCT} \rightarrow\) Proximal Conducting Tube (4) DCT \(\rightarrow\) Distal Convoluted Tubule (5) \(\mathrm{CD} \rightarrow\) Conducting Duct (6) \(\mathrm{ADH} \rightarrow\) Antidiuretic Hormone (a) 6 (b) 5 (c) 4 (d) 2

Nearly how much percent of the filtrate is reabsorbed by the renal tubules? (a) \(70-80 \%\) (b) \(85 \%\) (c) \(99 \%\) (d) \(90 \%\)

Choose the correct statement about absorption in renal tubules from the following: (a) Glucose, amino acids and \(\mathrm{Na}^{+}\) reabsorbed actively. (b) Nitrogenous waste are absorbed by passive transport. (c) \(70-80\) per cent of electrolyte and water are absorbed in PCT. (d) All the above

Tubular secretion helps in (a) Ionic balance of body fluid (b) Acid base balance of body fluid (c) Both (a) and (b) (d) None of these

Which of the following is an incorrect statement about filtration? (a) Selective process (b) Non-selective process (c) Performed by glomerulus (d) It occurs through the usage of capillary (glomerulus) blood pressure

Which of the following is incorrect about PCT? (a) Lined with simple cuboidal brush border epithelium. (b) All essential nutrient and 70 to 80 per cent of the electrolyte and water are reabsorbed here. (c) It helps in the PH maintenance of body fluid by the selective secretion of \(\mathrm{H}^{+}\) ion and by the absorption of \(\mathrm{HCO}_{3}^{-}\). (d) It does not help in the maintenance of ionic balance of body fluid.

Select the total number of correct statements about the loop of Henle. (1) Descending limb is permeable to water. (2) Descending limb is almost impermeable to electrolyte. (3) Ascending limb is impermeable to water. (4) It allows the transport of electrolyte only actively. (5) At the tip of loop of Henle, the concentration of filtrate is \(1200 \mathrm{~m} \operatorname{osmol} / 1\). (6) It helps in the maintenance of high osmolarity in medullary interstitium. (a) 6 (b) 3 (c) 4 (d) 5

Which segment helps in the \(\mathrm{pH}\) maintenance of body fluid? (a) \(\mathrm{PCT}\) (b) DCT (c) Collecting duct (d) All

DCT helps in (A) Conditional reabsorption of \(\mathrm{Na}^{+}\) and water (B) HCO \(_{3}^{-}\) absorption (C) \(\mathrm{pH}\) maintenance (D) Selective secretion of \(\mathrm{H}^{+}\) and \(\mathrm{K}^{+}\) (a) A, C and D only (b) B, C and D only (c) All of these (d) \(\mathrm{C}\) and \(\mathrm{D}\) only

Which of the following segment allows the passage of small amount of urea into modularly interstitium to keep up the osmolarity? (a) PCT (b) DCT (c) HL (d) Collecting duct

At which place we initially used the term 'urine' for filtrate? (a) PCT (b) DCT (c) \(\mathrm{HL}\) (d) Collecting duct (end)

Counter-current mechanism is present in (a) \(\mathrm{HL}\) (b) Vasa recta (c) Both (a) and (b) (d) DCT

Which of the following is incorrect about counter-current mechanism? (a) The flow of filtrate in two limbs of vasa recta is in opposite direction. (b) The flow of blood in two limbs of vasa recta is also in opposite direction. (c) \(\mathrm{NaCI}\) is transported by the ascending limb of HL which is exchanged with the descending limb of vasa recta. (d) \(\mathrm{NaCl}\) is returned to in interstitium by the ascending portion of vasa recta.

Counter current mechanism maintains the concentration gradient in the medullary interstitium. It helps in (a) Easy passage of water from PCT (b) Easy passage of water from DCT (c) Easy passage of water from HL (d) Easy passage of water from collecting duct

The total filtrate formed in 24 hours in human kidney is (a) \(1.8\) litre (b) \(8.0\) litre (c) 18 litre (d) 180 litre

Which of the following is most likely to cause an increase in the glomerular filtration rates? (a) Blockage of ureter (b) Dilation of the afferent arterioles (c) Release of renin from the juxtaglomerular apparatus (d) Volume depletion

Which of these will be completely reabsorbed from glomerular filtrate under normal conditions in the nephrons? (a) Urea (b) Salts (c) Uric acid (d) Glucose

What are mainly reabsorbed from Henle's loops? (a) Potassium (b) Glucose (c) Water and \(\mathrm{NaCl}\) (d) Urea and \(\mathrm{NaCl}\)

The part of the nephron that helps in active reabsorption of sodium is (a) Bowman's capsule (b) Distal convoluted tubule (c) Ascending limb of Henle's loop (d) Proximal convoluted tubules

Which of the following substance is actively secreted into glomerular filtrate of the kidney tubule? (a) Amino acids (b) Chloride ions (c) \(\mathrm{Na}^{+}\) (d) \(\mathrm{K}^{+}\)

The effect of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) on the kidney is to increase the (a) Excretion of water (b) Excretion of \(\mathrm{Na}\) ' (c) Permeability of the distal nephron to water (d) Glomerular filtration rate

In deficiency of ADH, the rate of micturition (a) Decreases (b) Increases (c) Remains the same (d) None of these

Volume of urine is regulated by (a) Aldosterone (b) Aldosterone and \(\mathrm{ADH}\) (c) Aldosterone, ADH and testosterone (d) ADH alone

When a person is suffering from poor renal reabsorption, which one of the following will not help in the maintenance of blood volume? (a) Increased ADH secretion (b) Decreased glomerular filtration (c) Increased arterial pressure in kidneys (d) Decreased arterial pressure in kidneys

The number of nephrons in a kidney is equal to the (a) Number of Bowman's capsules (b) Sum of Bowman's capsules and glomeruli (c) Double the number of Bowman's capsules (d) Sum of Bowman's capsules and Malpighian corpuscles

If Henle's loop were absent from mammalian nephron, which of the following is to be expected? (a) The urine will be more dilute. (b) There will be no urine formation. (c) The urine will have more concentration. (d) There will be hardly any change in the quality and quantity of urine formed.

Which of the following statements is/are true? 1\. Urine is hypertonic in distal convoluted tubule. 2\. When the urine passes into the collecting tubule it becomes hypotonic. 3\. Urine is isotonic in proximal convoluted tubule. 4\. Urine becomes more and more hypotonic as it passes through the Henle's loop. (a) \(\mathrm{I}\) and 4 only (b) 1,2 and 3 only (c) 2 and 3 only (d) 3 only

Which one of the following groups of structures/organs have similar function? (a) Typhlosole in earthworm, intestinal villi in rat and contractile vacuole in Amoeba. (b) Nephridia in earthworm, Malpighian tubules in cockroach and urinary tubules in rat. (c) Antennae of cockroach, tympanum of frog and clitellum of earthworm. (d) Incisors of rat, gizzard (proventriculus) of cockroach and tube feet of starfish.

Ducts of Bellini are present in (a) Liver (b) Kidney (c) Intestine (d) Medulla oblongata

The human kidney produces how much concentrated urine than the initial filtrate formed? (a) 2 times (b) 4 times (c) 6 times (d) 3 times