Chapter 19

Select the incorrect statement from the following: (a) Animals accumulate ammonia, urea, uric acid, \(\mathrm{CO}_{2}\) and water by metabolic activities. (b) Animal accumulate substances like ions \(\left(\mathrm{Na}^{+}, \mathrm{K}^{+}, \mathrm{Cl}^{-}\right)\) and urea, ammonia, uric acid, \(\mathrm{CO}_{2}\) and water are removed totally or partially. (c) Ammonia produced by metabolism is converted into urea in the liver of mammals. (d) Kidneys play significant role in the removal of ammonia directly.

Select ammonotelic from the following (a) Many bony fishes (b) Aquatic amphibians (c) Aquatic insects (d) All of these

Select the order of toxicity. A. Ammonia B. Urea C. Uric acid (a) \(\mathrm{A}>\mathrm{B}>\mathrm{C}\) (b) \(\mathrm{B}>\mathrm{A}>\mathrm{C}\) (c) \(C>A>B\) (d) \(\mathrm{C}>\mathrm{B}>\mathrm{A}\)

Which excretory product requires maximum water for its elimination? (a) Ammonia (b) Urea (c) Uric acid (d) Creatinine

Select the incorrect statement from the following: (a) Ammonia is readily soluble in water. (b) Ammonia is generally excreted by the process of diffusion. (c) Ammonia is excreted as ammonium ion through gill surface in fishes. (d) Ammonia is the major and urea and uric acid are the minor forms of nitrogenous waste excreted by animals.

Metabolic wastes containing nitrogen in our body are due to (a) Carbohydrates (b) Proteins (c) Fats (d) Vitamins

Excretion involves the process in which (a) Harmful substances in the body are chemically changed. (b) Substances of no further use or those present in excessive quantities are thrown out of the body. (c) Harmful substances are stored in cells before being eliminated. (d) Expulsion of urine from the urinary bladder and sweat from the skin.

Which of the following is Ureotelic? (a) Mammals (b) Most of the terrestrial amphibians (c) Marine fishes (d) All the above

Ammonia which is produced by metabolism is converted into A in the liver of mammals and released into B which is filtered and C out by kidney (a) A-Uric acid, B-Blood, C-excreted (b) A-Urea, B-Blood, C-excreted (c) A-Amino acid, B-Blood, C-excreted (d) A-Sugar, B-Blood, C-excreted

Which of the following is uricotelic? (A) Reptiles (B) Birds (C) Insects (D) Land snails (a) A, B and C only (b) \(\mathrm{B}\) and \(\mathrm{C}\) only (c) A and D only (d) All of these

With respect to the mode of excretion, bony fish falls into what category of organism? (a) Ureotelic (b) Uricotelic (c) Ammonotelic (d) Osmoconformers

Aquatic animals are mostly ammonotelic because (a) Ammonia helps in checking the inflow of water into body. (b) Excretion of ammonia requires large amount of water which is available to these animals. (c) Water contains less nitrogen. (d) These get less light.

What gets increased in blood if liver becomes functionless? (a) Urea (b) Ammonia (c) Uric acid (d) Proteins

Nitrogenous excretory product of frog tadpole is (a) Ammonia (b) Urea (c) Guanine (d) Uric acid

In aquatic organisms, the waste end product of nitrogen metabolism is (a) Urea (b) Nitrogen (c) Ammonia (d) Allantois

The chief nitrogenous waste product present in urine of frog is (a) Ammonia (b) Urea (c) Uric acid (d) Allantoin

Nitrogenous waste is excreted mainly as (a) Urea in both frog and tadpole (b) Urea in frog and ammonia in tadpole (c) Uric acid in frog and urea in tadpole (d) Urea in tadpole and ammonia in frog

Urea is derived from (a) Fats (b) Amino acids (c) Carbohydrates (d) Uric acid

Which of the following sets of animals produce the same substances as their chief excretory product? (a) Fish, pigeon and frog (b) Camel, housefly and snake (c) Frog, monkey and dog (d) Amoeba, ant and antelope

Which of the following sets of animals are uricotelic? (a) Fish, snake, fowl and man (b) Fish, frog, lizard and fowl (c) Crow, snake, cockroach and lizard (d) Camel, dog, monkey and man

Excretion of nitrogenous waste product mainly as uric acid by birds is helpful in (a) Conserving body heat (b) Conserving water (c) Eliminating excess water (d) Eliminating excess body heat

Uric acid is formed in human being from (a) Proteins (b) Glucose (c) Purines (d) Pyrimidines

Uric acid is excreted by (a) Pigeon (b) Frog (c) Rabbit (d) Man

The least toxic nitrogenous waste is (a) Ammonia (b) Ammonia + Urea (c) Urea (d) Uric acid

Marine teleost fishes excrete (a) Uric acid (b) TMO (c) Ammonia (d) All of these

Select the correct statement from the following: (A) In most of the invertebrates, excretory structures are in complex tubular forms. (B) Vertebrates have simple tubular organ as excretory structure like kidney. (C) Protonephridia is primarily concerned with excretion. (D) Protonephridia are excretory structure in rotifers, some annelids and cephalochordates (Amphioxus). (a) \(\mathrm{A}\) (b) B (c) \(\mathrm{C}\) (d) D

Excretory and osmoregulatory structure in cockroach is (a) Flame cells (b) Green glands (c) Nephridia (d) Malpighian tubules

The animal which retains urea for hypertonicity is (most appropriate) (a) Elasmobranch (b) Man (c) Bird (d) Amphibian

Malpighian tubules are the excretory organs in (a) Platyhelminthes (b) Cockroach (c) Pila (d) Ascaris

In annelids, excretory organs are (a) Nephridia (b) Malpighian tubules (c) Green glands (d) Kidneys

The excretory organs in prawn are (a) Malpighian tubules (b) Nephridia (c) Kidneys (d) Green glands or antennal gland

Green glands are excretory organs of (a) Moths (b) Crayfishes (c) Scorpions (d) Spiders

Coxal glands are excretory organs in (a) Spiders and scorpions (b) Insects (c) Annelids (d) Molluscs

Which of these parts in vertebrates functionally corresponds to the contractile vacuole of protozoans? (a) Heart (b) Cloaca (c) Sweat glands (d) Kidneys

In humans, the excretory system coexist of (a) Pair of kidneys (b) Pair of ureters (c) A urinary bladder and a urethra (d) All of these

Kidneys in human is situated between __________. (a) \(\mathrm{T} 12-\mathrm{L} 3\) (b) T11-L2 (c) T12-Ll (d) T12-L5 \(=\)

The correct dimensions of human kidney are \(\begin{array}{llll}\text { Length } & \text { Width } & \text { Thickness } & \text { Weight } \\ \text { (a) } 10-12 \mathrm{~cm} & 5-7 \mathrm{~cm} & 2-3 \mathrm{~cm} & 120-170 \mathrm{gm} \\ \text { (b) } 10-12 \mathrm{~cm} & 2-3 \mathrm{~cm} & 5-7 \mathrm{~cm} & 120-140 \mathrm{gm} \\ \text { (c) } 12-14 \mathrm{~cm} & 5-7 \mathrm{~cm} & 2-3 \mathrm{~cm} & 120-140 \mathrm{gm} \\\ \text { (d) } 12-14 \mathrm{~cm} & 2-3 \mathrm{~cm} & 2-3 \mathrm{~cm} & 120-170 \mathrm{gm}\end{array}\)

Which of the following is correct about hilum of kidney? (a) It is present on the convex outer surface. (b) It is present at the inner convex surface. (c) It is notch through which ureter, nerve and blood vessel enter. (d) It is the place where the calyces are open.

Which of the following is incorrect about human kidney? (a) Kidney is covered by tough capsule (b) Kidney is divided into cortex and medulla on the outer side (c) The cortex is extended in between the medullary pyramid and the renal column of bertini. (d) Kidney is situated close to the dorsal inner wall of abdominal cavity.

Each kidney has (nearly) how many nephrons? (a) 1 million (b) 2 million (c) \(1 / 2\) million (d) 3 million

The extension of cortex in medulla is known as (a) Columnae carneae (b) Columns of bertini (c) Renal columns (d) both (b) and (c)

Each nephron consists of (a) Glomerulus (b) Renal tubules (c) Both (a) and (b) (d) Calyces

Glomerules along with Bowman's capsule is called (a) Renal corpuscle (b) Malpighian tubule (c) Malpighian body (d) Both (a) and (c)

A part of Nephron is situated in cortex completely A. Malpighian Corpuscle B. PCT C. DCT D. Loop of Henle E. Collecting duct (a) \(\mathrm{A}, \mathrm{B}\) and \(\mathrm{C}\) only (b) B and C only (c) \(\mathrm{A}, \mathrm{B}, \mathrm{C}\) and \(\mathrm{D}\) only (d) D and E only

Select the incorrect statement from the following: (a) The DCTs of many nephrons opens into a straight tube called collecting duct. (b) In cortical nephrons (majority), the loop of Henle is too short and extended only very little in medulla. (c) In juxta medullary nephrons (minority), the loop of Henle is very long and runs deeply into medulla. (d) Vasa recta is not a part of peritubular network.

Two kidneys of human beings lie (a) At the level of ovaries (b) At the same level (c) Left kidney at a higher level than the right one (d) Right kidney at a higher level than the left one

Which term is used both for a part of kidney and a part of skeleton in the mammals? (a) Centrum (b) Pelvis (c) Cortex (d) Medulla

Mammalian kidney serve to excrete (a) Excess water, urea and amino acids (b) Excess salts, urea and excess water (c) Excess salts, excess water and excess amino acids (d) Excess salts, urea and water

The part through which arteries and veins enter or leave the kidney is called (a) Major calyces (b) Minor calyces (c) Hilus (d) Renal pore

Cells named podocytes occur in the wall of (a) Neck region of nephrons (b) Glomerular capillaries (c) Outer wall of Bowman's capsules (d) Inner wall of Bowman's capsules