Problem 37 - Objective Biology for NEET

Question

The correct dimensions of human kidney are \(\begin{array}{llll}\text { Length } & \text { Width } & \text { Thickness } & \text { Weight } \\ \text { (a) } 10-12 \mathrm{~cm} & 5-7 \mathrm{~cm} & 2-3 \mathrm{~cm} & 120-170 \mathrm{gm} \\ \text { (b) } 10-12 \mathrm{~cm} & 2-3 \mathrm{~cm} & 5-7 \mathrm{~cm} & 120-140 \mathrm{gm} \\ \text { (c) } 12-14 \mathrm{~cm} & 5-7 \mathrm{~cm} & 2-3 \mathrm{~cm} & 120-140 \mathrm{gm} \\\ \text { (d) } 12-14 \mathrm{~cm} & 2-3 \mathrm{~cm} & 2-3 \mathrm{~cm} & 120-170 \mathrm{gm}\end{array}\)

Step-by-Step Solution

Answer

The correct dimensions of a human kidney are given in option (a): Length 10-12 cm, Width 5-7 cm, Thickness 2-3 cm, Weight 120-170 gm.

Step 1: Analyzing the Options

The exercise provides four options to choose from. Each option contains different measurements of length, width, thickness, and weight of a human kidney. Before choosing an answer, it is essential to have an understanding of what size and weight the human kidney generally is.

Step 2: Determine the Correct Answer

The human kidney typically measures about 10-12 cm in length, 5-7 cm in width, and 2-3 cm in thickness. The average weight of the human kidney is about 120-170 gm. So, comparing this information to the options provided, it can be deduced that option (a) provides the correct dimensions for a human kidney.

Key Concepts

NEET Biology and Kidney Dimensions

When preparing for the NEET biology exam, understanding the anatomy and physiological dimensions of key organs such as the kidney is crucial for students. The kidney, an essential organ for maintaining homeostasis, can impact several biology questions within the NEET syllabus. Students may encounter questions that require knowledge of the kidney's dimensions as these measurements relate to the organ's functioning and pathology.

In the context of the exercise, candidates are expected to know the typical dimensions of a human kidney to choose the correct option. A clear understanding of kidney size helps students not only in the anatomy section but also offers insights into how kidneys operate and potential diseases related to size anomalies, tying into various NEET biology topics like excretory systems and homeostatic mechanisms.

Human Anatomy: Understanding the Kidney's Structure

In human anatomy, the kidneys are bean-shaped organs located retroperitoneally on either side of the spine. To comprehend their role and significance in physiology, one must be familiar with their size and weight. Typically, each kidney measures about 10 to 12 centimeters in length, which approximates the breadth of an average adult's palm. In width, they extend about 5 to 7 centimeters and maintain a thickness of around 2 to 3 centimeters.

These measurements matter as they reflect the kidney’s capability to filter blood and produce urine. Larger or smaller kidneys may indicate medical conditions that could perturb their function. Moreover, the provided weight range of 120 to 170 grams is indicative of a healthy kidney without the presence of pathologies such as tumors or cysts that could alter its mass.

Kidney Functioning and Its Relevance to NEET Biology

Studying kidney functioning is pivotal in NEET biology due to its fundamental role in excretion and osmoregulation. The kidneys filter metabolic waste products from the blood, maintaining the body's electrolyte balance, and regulating blood pressure. This is accomplished through a complex network of nephrons, the functional units within the kidney that execute ultrafiltration, reabsorption, and secretion.

Understanding the kidney's dimensions is indirectly linked to its function. For instance, the size of the kidney can influence the total number of nephrons present, which corresponds to the organ's filtration capacity. Questions on NEET may explore the intricacies of renal physiology, including the role of kidney size in disease states, thereby stressing the importance of the anatomical and functional contexts of kidney measurements.