Chapter 18

Select the incorrect statement from the following: (a) Simple organisms like sponges and coelenterates circulate water from their surroundings through their body cavities to facilitate the cells to exchange substances. (b) Different groups of animals have evolved the same method for transport. (c) Blood is the most commonly used body fluid by most of the higher organisms for transport. (d) Lymph also helps in the transport of certain substances in human.

Blood is a special connective tissue that consists of (a) Fluid matrix (b) Plasma (c) Formed elements (d) All of these

The colour of Plasma is (a) Straw colour (b) Red colour (c) Colourless (d) Blue colour

How much percentage of plasma is water? (a) 90 to 92 (b) 80 to 90 (c) 60 to 65 (d) 10 to 15

How much protein is present in plasma (in \%)? (a) 2 to \(4 \%\) (b) 6 to \(8 \%\) (c) \(10 \%\) (d) 15 to \(20 \%\)

Which protein is required for coagulation? (a) Fibrinogen (b) Globulin (c) Albumin (d) All of these

Find out the incorrect statement: (a) Globulins are primarly involved in the defence mechanism of body. (b) Albumin is mainly the osmotic protein of blood. (c) Plasma without clotting factor is called serum. (d) The factors for coagulation of blood are also present in the plasma in an active form.

The most abundant cell in human blood are (a) Neutrophils (b) Monocytes (c) Lymphocytes (d) None of these

Number of erythrocyte in \(\mathrm{mm}^{3}\) of blood are (a) \(4.5\) to 5 million (b) 5 to \(5.5\) million (c) \(5.5\) to \(6.5\) million (d) 3 million

Shape of \(\mathrm{RBC}\) in mammal is (a) Oval (b) Biconvex (c) Biconcave (d) Flattened

The true statement about \(\mathrm{RBC}\) is (a) RBCs have an average life span of 120 days. (b) \(\mathrm{RBCs}\) are destroyed in the spleen (graveyard of \(\mathrm{RBCs}\) ). (c) RBCs are devoid of nucleus in most of the mammals. (d) All the above

Leucocytes are known as WBC as they are colourless due to (a) Presence of nucleus (b) White pigment present in them (c) Lack of haemoglobin (d) All of these

Basophil secrete (a) Histamine (b) Serotonin (c) Heparin (d) All of these

Which of the following is associated with allergic reactions? (a) Neutrophils (b) Monocytes (c) Eosinophils (d) Lymphocyte

Which of the following is an incorrect statement about leucocytes? (a) They are nucleated. (b) They are approximately in an average of \(6000-8000 \mathrm{~mm}^{-3}\) of blood cells in numbers. (c) Two main types are found they are granulocytes and agranulocytes. (d) Monocytes are most abundant WBCs.

Lymphocyte forms how much per cent of WBCs? (a) 20 to 25 (b) 2 to 3 (c) 6 to 8 (d) 60 to 65

Which of the following cells are responsible for immune responses of the body? (a) T-lymphocyte (b) B-lymphocyte (c) Both (a) and (b) (d) Astrocyte

Platelets are (a) Cell fragments of megakaryocyte (b) \(1.5\) to \(3.5 \mathrm{lac} / \mathrm{mm}^{3}\) in blood (c) Also called thrombocytes (d) All of these

ABO grouping is based on how many antigens present or absent on WBCs (a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) None of these

Select the correct statement from the following: (a) Surface antigen on RBC always induce autoimmune response. (b) Blood grouping (ABO) is an example of multiple allelism. (c) AB blood group is a universal recipient as well as donor. (d) 4 phenotype of blood group (ABO) are possible and 5 genotype of blood group (ABO) are possible.

A patient with blood group 'A' was injured in an accident and has lost a lot of blood during injury. Which blood group the doctor should effectively use in this case? (a) \(\mathrm{AB}\) (b) \(\mathrm{A} / \mathrm{O}\) (c) \(\mathrm{B} / \mathrm{O}\) (d) \(\mathrm{AB} / \mathrm{A} / \mathrm{B}\)

How many people are Rh +ve in human population? (a) \(80 \%\) (b) \(20 \%\) (c) \(60 \%\) (d) \(40 \%\)

Rh incompatibility in first pregnancy occurs when (a) Foetus develop its heart completely (b) During the delivery of first child (c) When foetal organs completely develop (d) Never occur in the first pregnancy

Erythroblastosis fetalis is (a) HDN (b) Rh incompatibility (c) Both (a) and (b) (d) None of these

There is a vertical transmission of \(\mathrm{Rh}\) antibody from mother to foetus because they are type of antibody (a) \(\operatorname{Ig} \mathrm{M}\) (b) IgG (c) \(\operatorname{Ig} \mathrm{A}\) (d) Ig D

Select the incorrect statement from the following: (a) Clot or coagulum is formed mainly by a network of fibrin in which the died and damaged formed element of blood are trapped. (b) Inactive fibrinogen is converted to fibrin by the hormone thrombin. (c) Prothrombin is converted into thrombin by the enzyme complex thrombokinase. (d) Platelet or injured tissue released certain factors which initiate coagulation.

Select the incorrect statement from the following: (a) When platelet releases certain factor which initiate clotting it is known as intrinsic pathway. (b) When injured tissue releases certain factor which initiate clotting it is known as extrinsic pathway. (c) Calcium plays a minor role in clotting. (d) Coagulation prevent excessive loss of blood from the body from injured part.

Which enzyme causes conversion of prothrombin into thrombin? (a) Thrombinase (b) Prothrombinase (c) Thrombokinase (d) Rennin

Blood is a special type of connective tissue which (a) Consists of a fluid matric (Plasma) (b) Forms elements (c) Is the most commonly used body fluid in most of the higher organism (d) All the above

How many mechanism are there for clotting in our body? (a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 4

Lymph is known as (a) Tissue fluid (b) Interstitial fluid (c) Both (a) and (b) (d) Plasma

Lymph (a) Transports oxygen to brain (b) Transports \(\mathrm{CO}_{2}\) to lungs (c) Returns interstitial fluid to blood (d) Returns RBCs and WBCs to lymph nodes

Find the correct descending order to the percentage proportion of leucocytes in human blood. (a) Neutrophils \(\rightarrow\) Basophils \(\rightarrow\) Lymphocytes \(\rightarrow\) Acidophils (Eosinophils) \(\rightarrow\) Monocytes (b) Neutrophils \(\rightarrow\) Monocytes \(\rightarrow\) Lymphocytes \(\rightarrow\) Acidophils \(\rightarrow\) Basophils (c) Neutrophils \(\rightarrow\) Lymphocytes \(\rightarrow\) Monocytes \(\rightarrow\) Acidophils \(\rightarrow\) Basophils (d) Neutrophils \(\rightarrow\) Acidophils \(\rightarrow\) Basophils \(\rightarrow\) Lymphocytes \(\rightarrow\) Monocytes

In case of emergency, which blood group could be safely transfused? (a) \(\mathrm{AB} \mathrm{R}-\) (b) \(\mathrm{AB} \mathrm{Rh}+\) (c) \(\mathrm{O} \mathrm{Rh}-\) (d) \(\mathrm{O} \mathrm{Rh}+\)

Which of the following is expected if husband is \(\mathrm{Rh}^{+}\) and wife is \(\mathrm{Rh}^{-}\) ? (a) No problem in the first pregnancy (b) Problems in future pregnancies (c) Both (a) and (b) (d) No problem in any pregnancy

What is the correct order of these events? 1\. Conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin 2\. Clot retraction and leakage of serum 3\. Thromoboplastin formation 4\. Conversion of prothrombin to thrombin (a) \(3,2,1,4\) (b) \(3,4,1,2\) (c) \(3,4,2,1\) (d) \(4,1,3,2\)

Open circulatory system is found in (a) Arthopods and molluscs (b) Annelids and Chordates (c) Annelids and arthopods (d) Fishes and molluses

Closed circulatory system is found in (a) Arthropod and chordates (b) Molluscs and chordates (c) Amphibians and molluscs (d) Annelids and chordates

In an open circulatory system, (a) There is no heart (b) There is no need of blood vessels (c) There are open spaces or sinuses in the body (d) All the above

Which of the following has a closed type of circulatory system? (a) Cockroach (b) Fish (c) Scorpion (d) Mollusc

Which of the following has a closed blood vascular system? (a) Cockroach (b) Hydra (c) Sponge (d) Earthworm

Single heart circuit occurs in (a) Fishes (b) Frogs (c) Reptiles (d) Man

Four chambered heart is found in (a) Cobra (b) Tortoise (c) Salamander (d) Crocodile

Incomplete double circulation is found in (a) Amphibia (b) Reptiles (c) Fishes (d) Both (a) and (b)

Double circulation is found in (a) Birds (b) Crocodile (c) Mammals (d) All of these

Heart is derived from (a) Ectoderm (b) Endoderm (c) Mesoderm (d) All of these

Which of the following statements is not true? (a) Heart is ectodermal in origin. (b) In human beings the heart is situated in the thoracic cavity, in between the two lungs slightly tilted to the left. (c) Human heart has the size of a clenched fist. (d) Heart is protected by a double walled membranous bag (pericardium) with pericardial fluid.

Select the total number of thick structure out of the following: (A) Interatrial septum (muscular wall) (B) Interventricular septum (C) Atrioventricular septum (fibrous) (D) Walls of ventricles (a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 4

How many papillary muscles are present in right ventricle? (a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 4

Apex of heart is (a) Upper and tilted toward left (b) Lower and tilted towards left (c) Upper and tilted towards right (d) Lower and tilted towards right