Chapter 2

Which, if any, of the following is the antidote for ricin poisoning? 1\. Atropine. 2\. Epinephrine. 3\. High-dose steroids. 4\. There is no antidote for ricin at the present time.

The nurse’s hand becomes soiled with urine while caring for a client receiving a radioactive isotope, what is the correct action? 1\. Document the occurrence on an incident report. 2\. Notify the infection control nurse. 3\. Wash both hands liberally with soap and water. 4\. Wash both hands liberally with antiseptic gel.

The nurse is teaching a disaster preparedness class to healthcare workers. Which of the following infectious diseases is suspected as a probable biological weapon? 1\. Varicella (Chicken pox) 2\. Clostridium botulinum (Botulism) 3\. Haemophilus influenzae (flu) 4\. West Nile Virus (WNV)

Which of the following responses most fully answers a mother’s question, “Why should I immunize my child against measles?” 1\. to prevent infections that could re-emerge 2\. to prevent outbreaks in schools and communities 3\. to protect your child from a disease common in other parts of the world and one that could occur in the United States 4\. a lot of people stopped immunizing in the 80s and 90s and more than a hundred kids died

Which of the following statements is incorrect about why DTaP is felt to be the superior form of immunization today? 1\. It can be combined with more vaccinations reducing the need of multiple injections. 2\. DTaP has a safer side effect profile than the DTP. 3\. Studies indicate that it confers equal pertussis immunization as the DTP when administered correctly. 4\. Many available forms are on the market, and they can all be used interchangeably for all five initial doses.

Which statement about varicella vaccine is correct? 1\. The varicella zoster virus is mildly contagious. 2\. The risk for complications from chickenpox is highest for school-aged children and young adolescents. 3\. The vaccination can be safely administered in pregnancy. 4\. Adults who experience the illness are at high risk for serious sequelae such as pneumonia and secondary infection.

A 30-month-old child comes to the clinic for preschool immunizations. Immunizations are documented up to date with the exception of varicella and MMR. Unless contraindicated, the nurse will administer: 1\. the varicella, but not the MMR. 2\. defer the varicella and the MMR. 3\. have child return when age 6 years. 4\. give the immunizations.

A child received an MMR at age 11 months and 2 weeks. At the 15-month check up the nurse notes that besides the MMR, he has received no immunizations since age 4 months. To “catch up,” the nurse will most likely administer: 1\. MMR only. 2\. DtaP, PCV7, IPV, and Hep B. 3\. DtaP, Hib, PCV7, IPV, IV, MMR, VZ, and Hep B . 4\. Dtap, Hib, PCV 7, IPV, VZ, and Hep B. Abbreviations: DtaP—Diptheria, tetanus toxoid, acellular pertussis, Hib—Haemophilus influenza Type b, Hep-Hepatitis (A or B), IPV—Inactivated Polio, IV—Influenza

The nurse knows the microbiology of Anthrax includes which of the following? 1\. The anthrax virus is highly contagious. 2\. The pathogen mainly produces neurological and hematologic signs of poisoning. 3\. There is no postexposure prophylaxis recommendation. 4\. The anthrax microbe is an aerobic, gram positive bacillus.

What immunizations are commonly recommended for the over 65 age group? 1\. Hib (Haemophilus influenzae Type b), influenza (flu), PCV (pneumococcal) 2\. Varicella (chicken pox) 3\. Hep A (Hepatitis), MMR (Measles, Mumps, Rubella), DPT (Diptheria, Pertussis, Tetanus) 4\. Td (Tetanus toxoid), pneumococcal, influenza

A client has an abdominal infection. What is the first indication of the course of the infection? 1\. There are no longer any acute symptoms. 2\. The client was first exposed to the infections two days ago but has no symptoms. 3\. An oral temperature reveals a very febrile condition. 4\. The client feels sick but is able to continue her normal activities.

An example of sterile asepsis is: 1\. giving an intramuscular injection. 2\. getting gloves from the open box in the client’s room. 3\. using clean forceps on a sterile field. 4\. hand washing.

The nurse is aware that which of the following conditions would be treated with antibiotics? 1\. Chlamydia trachomatis 2\. Varicella 3\. Herpes Simplex 4\. Epstein-Barr infection

The nurse teaching the client about acquired immunity will explain that it results from which of the following? 1\. Antigens are artificially introduced by vaccine into the body with resulting antibody production. 2\. Antibodies produced from another source such as an animal or another human are introduced into the body. 3\. The antibodies are formed in the client’s body and give lifelong immunity. 4\. Antibody production occurs in response to an active infection in the client

Which of the following nursing interventions demonstrates surgical asepsis versus medical asepsis? 1\. The nurse applies sterile drapes to create a field during urinary catheterization. 2\. The nurse wears gloves prior to performing tracheal suctioning. 3\. The nurse performs a hand washing scrub before and after an invasive procedure. 4\. The nurse wears personal protection such as goggles and gown during a sterile dressing change.

The nurse teaching a class on hygiene who explains how a certain microorganism is normal in the intestines yet produces infection in other body systems such as the blood and urine is discussing which microbe? 1\. Streptococcus epidermis 2\. Candida albicans 3\. Staphylococcus aureus 4\. Escherichia coli

The post-operative wound is infected with Psuedomonas aeruginosa. If the patient’s vital signs include T:101.4, P: 120, R 40, B/P: 84/60 and the CBC includes a wbc of 12,000, the nurse will conclude: 1\. the clinical markers represent the signs of a localized infection. 2\. the clinical markers represent the signs of viremia superimposed onto a surgical infection. 3\. the clinical markers represent the signs of chronic infection. 4\. the clinical markers represent the signs of systemic infection.

The nurse is reviewing the laboratory results from a wound culture and notes that the infection is sensitive to erythromycin, levofloxin, and cephalosporin. If the patient is allergic to “mycin” antibiotics, she might anticipate which of the following antibiotic classification in the medication order? 1\. Augmentin 2\. Gentamicin 3\. Levaquin 4\. Pediazole

. Which of the following antibiotics is indicated for a post-operative surgical wound infection positive for staphylococcus? 1\. Tetracycline (TCN) 2\. Amoxicillin (Amoxil) 3\. Sulfa 4\. Cefoxitin (Mefoxin)

A term newborn is suspected of sepsis. Even if the offending organism is not identified, what is the likely course of action? 1\. The infant will have blood, urine, and fecal cultures taken and be observed for 48 hours. 2\. The infant will be given Ampicillin (75 mg/kg/dose)—IV/IM twice a day. 3\. The infant will be given Amoxicillin (80mg/kg/dose)—orally twice a day. 4\. The infant will be given Tetracycline 250 mg IM four times a day.

A green, purulent discharge accompanied by a putrid odor is found on the initial dressing change of an exploratory laparatomy secondary to a gunshot wound to the upper abdomen. The nurse suspects which of the following organisms? 1\. Proprionibacterium acnes 2\. Proteus 3\. Enterobacteriaceae 4\. Lactobacillus

The nurse is caring for a postoperative client with a temperature of 103.6°F. After collecting a blood specimen for a culture, which of the following will most likely be ordered by the client’s physician? 1\. gram-positive 2\. gram-negative 3\. antifungal 4\. broad-spectrum

A client is seen in the emergency room following an indoor party and was diagnosed with Tuberculosis. The nurse should explain to the client that this type of infection is transmitted in which of the following ways? 1\. vehicle 2\. vector 3\. airborne 4\. direct contact

The nurse has instructed a group of healthcare workers about prevention of the virus that transmits hepatitis B. The nurse determines that one of the workers needs further instructions when she says that the virus is transmitted by: 1\. blood. 2\. feces. 3\. bodily fluids. 4\. sputum.

A client is hospitalized with a urinary tract infection. The client needs a “Foley” (indwelling) catheter in place. The nurse is responsible for doing this procedure. What precautions need to be used? 1\. Utilize a set that has been opened. 2\. Utilize a sterile set. 3\. Utilize an asceptic set. 4\. It doesn’t matter just so the catheter is in place.

A 30-year-old client is preparing for discharge from the hospital when the client develops a temperature of 102.8°F. The nurse determines that the client is experiencing an infection termed: 1\. nosocomial. 2\. extracorporeal. 3\. incidental. 4\. resistan

The nurse has conducted a class for healthcare workers on the topic of infection control. The nurse determines that one of the workers needs further instructions when he says: 1\. “Most hospital-acquired infections are due to bacteria.” 2\. “Indwelling catheters have been implicated in a large percentage of infections.” 3\. “Hospital-acquired infections are relatively easy to treat with antibiotics.” 4\. “Frequent hand-washing is the best method of preventing hospital-acquired infections.”

The nurse observed that the healthcare workers on a ward are using medical asepsis if they (all except): 1\. keep soiled linens away from her clothing. 2\. place soiled linens on the floor near the client. 3\. use a dampened cloth to dust the bedside table. 4\. clean the bed (soiled) with gloves

Before changing a clean dressing of a home care client, the nurse should first: 1\. wash the hands with an antibacterial soap. 2\. remove any nail polish on the fingernails. 3\. put on two pairs of clean gloves. 4\. remove any wedding rings or other jewelry

9\. The nurse assesses a sterile field in the delivery room that has been contaminated when the nurse observes: 1\. the outer 1 inch of the sterile towel over the side of the table. 2\. sterile objects held above the waist of the practitioner. 3\. sterile packages opened so that the first edge is away from the practitioner. 4\. wetness on the sterile cloth on top of a non-sterile table.

Instruction should be given by the nurse, concerning universal precautions when handling patient items that are dirty (soiled). Which of the following is not considered dirty (soiled)? 1\. amniotic fluid 2\. vaginal secretions 3\. blood Pathogens 4\. saline

A nurse is caring for a client with an open wound needs to change the dressing with: 1\. clean technique. 2\. antiseptic technique. 3\. sterile technique. 4\. medical technique.

An infection control nurse becomes concerned when she observes: 1\. needles put into a hazard container. 2\. gloves being worn by housekeeping staff. 3\. blood dried under the client’s mattress and bed. 4\. carrying double-bagged soiled linen.

While caring for a client who has intermittent diarrhea, the nurse plans to take precautions to prevent contamination from: 1\. Escherichia coli. 2\. Clostridium difficile. 3\. Staphylococcus aureus. 4\. Neisseria menigitidis.

. The nurse has demonstrated how to put on sterile gloves to a group of nursing students. The nurse should instruct the students that: 1\. vinyl glove punctures reseal automatically. 2\. latex gloves are used primarily with minor procedures. 3\. vinyl gloves are less costly and easier to put on. 4\. latex gloves can result in allergic reactions.

The nurse is teaching a teenage female about preventing the transmission of genital herpes. Which of the following statements will be advised? 1\. Do not sit on toilet seats without protection. 2\. Oral sex does not transmit the virus. 3\. This infection can be transmitted via intercourse even when you do not feel ill. 4\. Try to drink lots of fluids after sex to flush the reproductive tract.

A patient is diagnosed with HIV. Which of the following are anti-viral drug classes used in the treatment of HIV/AIDS? 1\. Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors 2\. Protease Inhibitors 3\. HIV Fusion Inhibitors 4\. all of the above

Someone who has received a recent tattoo should be screened for: 1\. Tuberculosis. 2\. Herpes. 3\. Hepatitis. 4\. Syphilis.

The orientation nurse educator reviewing the biohazard legend with a class of new employees states that the emblem is affixed to containers whenever: 1\. there is handling of blood and body fluids. 2\. there is the need for droplet precaution. 3\. there is contact isolation. 4\. there is the potential for airborne transmission.

The emergency triage nurse will perform which action upon receiving the history that the client has a severe cough, fever, night sweats, and body wasting? 1\. Place the client in the waiting room until an available cubicle is open. 2\. Seclude the client from other clients and visitors. 3\. Take no intervention because it may not be necessary until tests confirm a disease. 4\. Don gown, gloves and mask immediately

. The nurse sustains a needle puncture that requires HIV prophylaxis, which of the medication regimens will be used? 1\. an antibiotic such as Metronidazole and a Protease inhibitor (for example, Saquinivir) 2\. two Non-nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase inhibitors 3\. one Protease inhibitor such as Nelfinavir 4\. two Protease inhibitors

A patient is taking the fluoroquinolone, Ciprofloxin, for acute prostatitis. After a few dosages of the agent, he develops severe muscle pain. The most likely cause of the adverse reaction is: 1\. electrolyte imbalance. 2\. impending tendon rupture. 3\. calcium deposits. 4\. antibiotic associated colitis.

Acyclovir (Zovirax) is the agent of choice for which of the following infections? 1\. HIV 2\. AIDS 3\. Candida 4\. Herpes

A patient is taking Penicillin VK (Pen-Vee-K) for impetigo. Shortly after the first dose, he becomes flushed, weak, starts to itch, and is having trouble breathing. What is the most likely cause of the symptoms? 1\. The wrong drug has been taken. 2\. The patient may have pre-existing asthma. 3\. The patient is probably on another drug (like Allegra or Tagamet) that is interacting with the penicillin. 4\. The patient is having anaphylaxis.

A patient is diagnosed with peptic ulcer and prescribed Metronidazole (Flagyl) along with other medications. What rationale will the nurse teach the patient for the multi-drug regimen? 1\. The drug will coat the stomach and let it heal. 2\. The drug will block hydrochloric acid secretion from the mucousa. 3\. The drug will treat the bacteria known as Heliobacter pylori. 4\. The drug will inhibit the action of the proton pump in the stomach

The nurse is splashed in the face by blood when a chest drainage collection device breaks. What is the first action he should take? 1\. Report to the infection control/employee health department. 2\. Go immediately to the emergency services department. 3\. Flush the area copiously with water. 4\. Document an incident report.

. The nurse is transporting a client on droplet isolation to the radiology department. Which of the following individuals must wear a mask? 1\. nurse only 2\. client only 3\. nurse and client during transport 4\. client and radiology staff who will receive the client

0\. The nurse receives a client that is under contact precautions. What personal protective equipment will be needed for the client’s morning care? 1\. gloves 2\. gloves, gown, mask 3\. gloves, gown 4\. gloves, gown, goggles

The nurse’s hands are accidentally soiled with urine while assessing a client. What is the initial response? 1\. Document the occurrence in the medical record. 2\. Wash the hands with warm, soapy water. 3\. Report to the infection control nurse immediately. 4\. Document an incident form for risk management.

A needle/syringe once used should be disposed of by what method? 1\. in the client’s garbage 2\. in a red, hazardous material bag 3\. in a rigid sharps container 4\. in any convenient and safe waste container