Q99E - Chemistry (OpenStax)

Question

Which of the following molecules have dipole moments?

1. \({\rm{C}}{{\rm{S}}_{\rm{2}}}\)
2. \({\rm{Se}}{{\rm{S}}_{\rm{2}}}\)
3. \({\rm{CC}}{{\rm{l}}_{\rm{2}}}{\rm{\;}}{{\rm{F}}_{\rm{2}}}\)
4. \({\rm{PC}}{{\rm{l}}_{\rm{3}}}{\rm{(P is the central atom)}}\)
5. \({\rm{ClNO (N is the central atom)}}\)

Step-by-Step Solution

Answer

The \({\rm{Se}}{{\rm{S}}_{\rm{2}}}{\rm{,CC}}{{\rm{l}}_{\rm{2}}}{\rm{\;}}{{\rm{F}}_{\rm{2}}}{\rm{,PC}}{{\rm{l}}_{\rm{3}}}{\rm{ and CINO}}\) have moments of dipole.

Step 1: Concept Introduction

A dipole moment occurs in any system which have separation of charges. Therefore it can arise in ionic bonds as well as in covalent bonds.

Step 2: Find molecules have dipole moments of \({\rm{C}}{{\rm{S}}_{\rm{2}}}\)

a.

There is no dipole moment in \({\rm{C}}{{\rm{S}}_{\rm{2}}}\)because it is linear.

Step 3: Find molecules have dipole moments of \({\rm{Se}}{{\rm{S}}_{\rm{2}}}\)

b.  \({\rm{Se}}{{\rm{S}}_{\rm{2}}}\)is bent. As a result, there is an overall dipole moment.

Step 4: Find molecules have dipole moments of \({\rm{CC}}{{\rm{l}}_{\rm{2}}}{\rm{\;}}{{\rm{F}}_{\rm{2}}}\)

c.  The dipoles of the CCl and CF bonds are not totally cancelled, hence they are not balanced. It possesses a dipole moment as a result.

Step 5: Find molecules have dipole moments of \({\rm{PC}}{{\rm{l}}_{\rm{3}}}\)

d.

\({\rm{PC}}{{\rm{l}}_{\rm{3}}}\)Is a trigonal pyramidal structure. The dipoles of the bonds do not cancel due to this form, thus there is an overall dipole moment

Step 6: Find molecules have dipole moments of \({\rm{ClNO}}\)

e.  A dipole moment is created when the CINO molecule is bent.