Q29 E - Chemistry (OpenStax)

Question

Write Lewis structures for the following: (a) \({{\rm{O}}_{\rm{2}}}\) (b) \({{\rm{H}}_{\rm{2}}}{\rm{CO}}\) (c) \({\rm{As}}{{\rm{F}}_{\rm{3}}}\) (d) \({\rm{ClNO}}\) (e) \({\rm{SiC}}{{\rm{l}}_{\rm{4}}}\) (f) \({{\rm{H}}_{\rm{3}}}{{\rm{O}}^{\rm{ + }}}\) (g) \({\rm{N}}{{\rm{H}}_{\rm{4}}}^{\rm{ + }}\) (h) \({\rm{B}}{{\rm{F}}_{\rm{4}}}^{\rm{ - }}\) (i) \({\rm{HCCH}}\) (j) \({\rm{CICN}}\) (k) \({{\rm{C}}_{\rm{2}}}^{{\rm{2 + }}}\) .

Step-by-Step Solution

Answer

The Lewis structure for the following are:

Step 1: Define Chemical Bonding

A chemical bond is an interaction between atoms, ions, or molecules that allows chemical compounds to form.

Step 2: Concept

The following are the steps to drawing a Lewis structure:

(1) First, determine the total number of valence electrons, then deduct one electron for each positive charge if it is a cation, or add one electron for each negative charge if it is an anion.

(2) Now, arrange the atoms around the core atom to form a skeletal structure for the molecule. The least electronegative atom is typically chosen as the center atom. Connect each atom to the core atom with a single bond now.

(3) Now, on all atoms save the center atom, distribute the remaining electrons as lone pairs to complete their octet. (With the exception of hydrogen, which only takes two electrons to complete its duplet.)

(4) Now, arrange the remaining electrons around the center atom.

(5) Now, if any atom's octet is not full, draw several bonds with the centre atom correspondingly.

Step 3: Writing the Lewis structure

(a) The Lewis structure of the value \({{\rm{O}}_{\rm{2}}}\) is:

Step 4: Writing the Lewis structure

(b) The Lewis structure of the value \({{\rm{H}}_{\rm{2}}}{\rm{CO}}\) is:

Step 5: Writing the Lewis structure

(c) The Lewis structure of the value \({\rm{As}}{{\rm{F}}_{\rm{3}}}\) is:

Step 6: Writing the Lewis structure

(d) The Lewis structure of the value \({\rm{ClNO}}\) is:

Step 7: Writing the Lewis structure

(e) The Lewis structure of the value \({\rm{SiC}}{{\rm{l}}_{\rm{4}}}\) is:

Step 8: Writing the Lewis structure

(f) The Lewis structure of the value \({{\rm{H}}_{\rm{3}}}{{\rm{O}}^{\rm{ + }}}\) is:

Step 9: Writing the Lewis structure

(g) The Lewis structure of the value \({\rm{N}}{{\rm{H}}_{\rm{4}}}^{\rm{ + }}\) is:

Step 10: Writing the Lewis structure

(h) The Lewis structure of the value \({\rm{B}}{{\rm{F}}_{\rm{4}}}^{\rm{ - }}\) is:

Step 11: Writing the Lewis structure

(i) The Lewis structure of the value \({\rm{HCCH}}\) is:

Step 12: Writing the Lewis structure

(j) The Lewis structure of the value \({\rm{ClCN}}\) is:

Step 13: Writing the Lewis structure

(k) The Lewis structure of the value \({{\rm{C}}_{\rm{2}}}^{\rm{ + }}\) is: