Q.6.13 - An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry

Question

State the number of protons and electrons in each of the following ions:

a. ${\mathrm{O}}^{2-}$, used to build biomolecules and water

b. ${\mathrm{K}}^{+}$, most prevalent positive ion in cells; needed for muscle contraction, nerve impulses

c. $I^{-}$, needed for thyroid function

d. ${\mathrm{Na}}^{+}$, most prevalent positive ion in extracellular fluid

Step-by-Step Solution

Answer

Part a. $8 p, 10 e$

Part b.$19p, 18e$

Part c. $53p, 54e$

Part d. $11p, 10e$

Part (a) Step 1: Given Information

Cations are emphatically charged particles and anions are adversely charged particles.

$O^{2-}$used to build biomolecules and water 

Part (a) Step 2: Explanation

The atomic number of oxygen is $8$

The number of protons is $8$

Two electrons are gained when$O^{2-}$is formed

The number of electrons is $8+2=10$

Part (b) Step 1: Given Information

Cations are emphatically charged particles and anions are adversely charged particles.

$K^{+}$most prevalent positive ion in cells; needed for muscle contraction, and nerve impulses.

Part (b) Step 2: Explanation

The atomic number of potassium is $19$

The number of protons is $19$

One electron is lost when $K^{+}$ is formed

The number of electrons is $19-1=18$

Part (c) Step 1: Given Information

Cations are emphatically charged particles and anions are adversely charged particles.

$I^{-}$,needed for thyroid function 

Part (c) Step 2: Explanation

The atomic number of Iodine is $53$

The number of protons is $53$

One electron is gained when is formed

The number of electrons is $53+1=54$

Part (d) Step 1: Given Information

Cations are emphatically charged particles and anions are adversely charged particles.

$N{a}^{+}$, most prevalent positive ion in extracellular fluid 

Part (d) Step 2: Explanation

The atomic number of Sodium is $11$

The number of protons is $11$

One electron is lost when $N{a}^{+}$ is formed

The number of electrons is $11-1=10$