Q. 6.13 - An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry

Question

State the number of protons and electrons in each of the following ions:

a. ${\mathrm{O}}^{2-}$, used to build biomolecules and water

b. ${\mathrm{K}}^{+}$, most prevalent positive ion in cells; needed for muscle contraction, nerve impulses

c. I \(^{-}\) , needed for thyroid function

d. \(\mathrm{Na}^{+}\), most prevalent positive ion in extracellular fluid

Step-by-Step Solution

Answer

The number of protons and electrons in each of the ions are expained

Step 1 : Given Information (part a)

State the number of protons and electrons in each of the following ions:

a. d, used to build biomolecules and water

Step 2 : Explanation (part a)

(a) The charge for $mathrmNa+$ion is $1+$, but the charge for $mathrmO2-i o n$ is 2 -. Two $mathrmNa+$ions and one $mathrmO2-$ ion are used to balance the charge $2 times(1+)+(2-)=0$. Write the positive ion first, then the negative ion in the ionic formula. $mathrmNa 2 mathrmO$ is the correct ionic formula for the compound.

Step 3 : Given information (part b)

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Step 4 : Explanation (part b)

(b) The charge for the $mathrmAl3+text ion$ is $3+$, while the charge for the $mathrmBr-i$ ion is 1. One $mathrmAl3+$ ion and three $mathrmBr-$ions are used to balance the charge $(3+)+3 times(1-)=0$. Write the positive ion first, then the negative ion in the ionic formula. The compound's correct ionic formula is $mathrmAlBr 3$.

Step 5 : Given infromation (part c)

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Step 6 : Explanation (part c)

(c) The charge on the $mathrmBa2+$ ion is $2+$, while that on the $mathrmN3-$ ion is 3 -. Three $mathrmBa2+$ ions and two $mathrmN3-$ ions are used to balance the charge $3 times(2+)+2 times(3-)=0$. Write the positive ion first, then the negative ion in the ionic formula. The compound's correct ionic formula is $mathrmBa 3 mathrmN 2$.

Step 7 : Given information (part d)

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Step 8 : Explanation (part d)

(d) The ion charge is $2+$ and the ion charge is 1. With one ion and two ions, the charge is balanced. The positive ion comes first in the ionic formula, followed by the negative ion. The compound's proper ionic formula is.

(e) The ion charge is $3+$, and the ion charge is 2-. Two ions and three ions are used to balance the charge. Write the positive ion first, then the negative ion in the ionic formula. The compound's proper ionic formula is.

Step 9 : Given information ( part e)

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Step 10 : Explanation (part e)

(e) The ion charge is $3+$, and the ion charge is 2-. Two ions and three ions are used to balance the charge. Write the positive ion first, then the negative ion in the ionic formula. The compound's proper ionic formula is.