Chapter 7

Which of the following statements accurately describe(s) all the terrestrial planets? Choose all that apply. a. They condensed from the part of the solar disk that had no solid hydrogen compounds (ices). b. They differentiated into core-mantle-crust. c. They maintain presence of water in some form. d. They have at least one moon. e. They display some evidence of cratering.

Which of the following is not a source of heat in the interiors of the terrestrial planets? a. friction between atmosphere and surface b. collisions from other bodies c. gravitational compression d. radioactive decay e. differentiation

Four planets that formed together have equal density and the following radii- planet \(\mathrm{W}: 2,000 \mathrm{km} ;\) planet \(\mathrm{X}: 2,500 \mathrm{km} ;\) planet \(\mathrm{Y}: 2,700\) \(\mathrm{km} ;\) planet \(Z: 5,000 \mathrm{km} .\) Ignoring any other factors, which planet would be expected to cool fastest? a. planet \(\mathrm{W},\) with radius \(2,000 \mathrm{km}\) b. planet \(X,\) with radius \(2,500 \mathrm{km}\) c. planet \(Y\), with radius \(2,700 \mathrm{km}\) d. planet \(Z,\) with radius \(5,000 \mathrm{km}\) e. There is no way to know.

A caldera is which of the following? a. the depression at the top of a volcano b. a long ridge formed by planet shrinkage c. a depression that filled with lava d. a crest formed by the meeting of two crustal plates e. a channel dug by the glancing blow of an asteroid

Which of the following bodies exhibit(s) rotation patterns clearly influenced by tidal effects? Choose all that apply. a. Moon b. Mercury c. Venus d. Deimos e. Mars

Which body has the longest "day"? (A day is defined as the interval between the time at which a particular point on the body faces the Sun and the time at which the same point faces the Sun again.) a. Mercury b. Venus c. Earth d. Mars e. Earth's Moon

Which of the following statements about Venus is/are not true? Choose all that apply. a. It rotates retrograde. b. Its volcanoes are all shield volcanoes. c. Its surface was mapped by Russian landers. d. It has crustal plates. e. On average, it has as many craters per square meter as Mercury does.

Which of the following geologic features is/are found on Mars? Choose all that apply. a. Ishtar Terra b. Valles Marineris c. Discovery Rupes d. Olympus Mons e. Stickney Crater

Which of the following statements about the atmosphere of Venus is not true? a. Its composition has changed significantly over time. b. It is 90 times less dense than Earth's atmosphere. c. It is mostly \(\mathrm{CO}_{x^{*}}\) d. It contains sulfuric acid clouds. e. Its heat and acidity quickly disable spacecraft that land on the surface.

Imagine a terrestrial planet, Minutia, with a mass \(m\) and radius \(r . A\) sccond planet, Garganzo, has mass of \(1.4 \mathrm{m}\) and radius of \(1.4 \mathrm{r}\). How does the surface gravity on Garganzo compare with that on Minutia? a. It is about the same. b. It is greater. c. It is less. d. It depends on the density of the two planets. e. It depends on whether there are atmospheres on cither or both.

Which two planets are closest in rotation period? a. Mars and Venus b. Mars and Mercury c. Mercury and Earth d. Venus and Earth e. Earth and Mars

Which of the following describe(s) commonalitics in the ice caps of Earth and Mars? Choose all that apply. a. Both planets have ice caps on both poles. b. Both planets' ice caps have residual components. c. The composition of the ice is the same on both planets. d. Seasonal changes occur in the ice caps of both planets. c. Each planet has roughly identical ice caps in its northern and southern hemispheres.

Which of the following affect(s) the climate of a planet? Choose all that apply. a. greenhouse gases b. obliquity c. orbital radius d. rotation period e. presence of a large moon

You observe a planet orbiting at \(2 \mathrm{AU}\) from a distant 5 -billion- yearold star. The planet has minimal cratering, a strong magnetic ficld, tall composite volcanoes, and a high degree of tilt, compared to Earth. From observations of our Solar System, which of the following is/are likely to be true of the planet? Choose all that apply a. It has a large molten core. b. It has multiple moons. c. It has tectonic plates. d. It has been geologically dead for billions of years. e. It experiences no seasons.

Which of the following is the proper order of the stages of planetary evolution? a. weathering, magma flooding, differentiation, cratering, cooling b. cratering, magma flooding, differentiation, cooling, weathering c. differentiation, magma flooding, cratering, cooling, weathering d. differentiation, cooling, cratering, magma flooding, weathering e. cooling, differentiation, magma flooding, cratering, weathering

Describe at least three surface features or characteristics of Venus's surface and indicate how each provides evidence for the planet's history.

Describe at least three surface features or characteristics of Mars's surface and indicate how each provides evidence for the planet's his- tory.

What is meant by the term planetary differcmiation, and what is the end result?

What is the phenomenon of plate tectonics, and where in our Solar System is it known to exist?

What are the requirements for the formation of a planetary magnetic field?

Describe the differences in the number, size, and shape of moons for the planets in the inner Solar System.

Views change frequently about the evidence for life on Mars, Do a search for recent scientific articles on this topic. How convincing do you find the evidence? What evidence might be more convincing?

Impacts by planetesimals, asteroids, and comets on young planets are a normal part of planetary evolution. For each of the terrestrial planets and moons, name at least one effect caused by such collisions.

The Martian day is slightly longer than Earth's day. Engineers and scientists working with Mars orbiters and rovers are sometimes required to adjust to Martian time for maximum mission efficiency. How might this adjustment affect rover mission personnel?

An enhanced greenhouse effect on Earth due to climate change could create more Venus-like surface and atmospheric conditions on Earth. Describe how such changes might affect life on Earth.

Manned spaceflight to Mars may represent a much-desired exploration to many people, but it is fraught with peril. What would be some of the greatest challenges to the physical and psychological well-being of the astronauts involved?

How many times greater would Venus's escape velocity be if it had the radius it does but mass equal to Earth's?

Calculate the escape velocity, in kilometers per second, for a planet with mass equal to Mars's and radius equal to Mercury's.

Use Kepler's third law to calculate the orbital periods of two hypothetical planets that are 1.2 and \(2.5 \mathrm{AU}\), respectively, from the Sun.

Find the stable temperature of an airless world with albedo 0.220 orbiting \(7.8 \times 10^{11}\) meters from a star with radius of \(1.7 \times 10^{9}\) meters and surface temperature of \(6,400 \mathrm{K}\)

A planet with no atmosphere and an albedo of 0.550 orbits a star with temperature of \(8,700 \mathrm{K}\) and radius of \(4.5 \times 10^{10}\) meters. The planet's orbital radius is \(9.1 \times 10^{12}\) meters. What is the planet's stable temperature?