Inventories: Additional Valuation Issues

Question: Where there is evidence that the utility of inventory goods, as part of their disposal in the ordinary course of business, will be less than cost, what is the proper accounting treatment?

Question: What factors might call for inventory valuation at sales prices (net realizable value or market price)?

Of what significance is inventory turnover to a retail store?

Question: Why are inventories valued at the lower-of-cost-or-net realizable value (LCNRV)? What are the arguments against the use of the LCNRV method of valuing inventories?

Presented below is information related to Rembrandt Inc.’s inventory. (per unit) Skis Boots Parkas Historical cost \(190.00 \)106.00 $53.00 Selling price 212.00 145.00 73.75 Cost to sell 19.00 8.00 2.50 Cost to complete 32.00 29.00 21.25 Determine the following: (a) the net realizable value for each item, and (b) the carrying value of each item under LCN

Question: What approaches may be employed in applying the LCNRV procedure? Which approach is normally used and why?

Question: In some instances, accounting principles require a departure from valuing inventories at cost alone. Determine the proper unit inventory price in the following cases using LCNRV. Cases 1 2 3 4 5 Cost \(15.90 \)16.10 \(15.90 \)15.90 $15.90 Sales value 14.80 19.20 15.20 10.40 17.80 Estimated cost to complete 1.50 1.90 1.65 .80 1.00 Estimated cost to sell .50 .70 .55 .40 .60

Question: What method(s) might be used in the accounts to record a loss due to a price decline in the inventories? Discuss

Question: Explain the rationale for the ceiling and floor in the lower-of-cost-or-market method of valuing inventories.

Question: In some instances, accounting principles require a departure from valuing inventories at cost alone. Determine the proper unit inventory price in the following cases, under the lower-of-cost-or-market rule. Cases 1 2 3 4 5 Cost \(15.90 \)16.10 \(15.90 \)15.90 $15.90 Net realizable value 14.50 19.20 15.20 10.40 16.40 Net realizable value less normal profit 12.80 17.60 13.75 8.80 14.80 Market (replacement cost) 14.80 17.20 12.80 9.70 16.80

Use the information for Kemper Company from BE9-7. In 2018, Kemper paid \(1,000,000 to obtain the raw materials which were worth \)950,000. Prepare the entry to record the purchase

Question:The conventional retail inventory method yields results that are essentially the same as those yielded by the lower-of-cost-or-market method. Explain. Prepare an illustration of how the retail inventory method reduces inventory to market.

Question: Under what circumstances is relative sales value an appropriate basis for determining the price assigned to inventory?

Fosbre Corporation’s April 30 inventory was destroyed by fire. January 1 inventory was \(150,000, and purchases for January through April totaled \)500,000. Sales revenue for the same period was $700,000. Fosbre’s normal gross profit percentage is 35% on sales. Using the gross profit method, estimate Fosbre’s April 30 inventory that was destroyed by fire.

Question: At December 31, 2017, Ashley Co. has outstanding purchase commitments for 150,000 gallons, at \(6.20 per gallon, of a raw material to be used in its manufacturing process. The company prices its raw material inventory at cost or market, whichever is lower. Assuming that the market price as of December 31, 2017, is  \)5.90, how would you treat this situation in the accounts?

Question: What are the major uses of the gross profit method?

Question: Distinguish between gross profit as a percentage of cost and gross profit as a percentage of sales price. Convert the following gross profit percentages based on cost togross profit percentages based on sales price: 25% and 331 /3%. Convert the following gross profit percentages based on sales price to gross profit percentages based on cost: 331 /3% and 60%.

A fire destroys all of the merchandise of Assante Company on February 10, 2017. Presented below is information compiled up to the date of the fire. Inventory, January 1, 2017 $ 400,000 Sales revenue to February 10, 2017 1,950,000 Purchases to February 10, 2017 1,140,000 Freight-in to February 10, 2017 60,000 Rate of gross profit on selling price 40% What is the approximate inventory on February 10, 2017?

What conditions must exist for the retail inventory method to provide valid results?

(a) Determine the ending inventory under the conventional retail method for the furniture department of Mayron Department Stores from the following data. Cost Retail Inventory, Jan. 1 \( 149,000 \) 283,500 Purchases 1,400,000 2,160,000 Freight-in 70,000 Markups, net 92,000 Markdowns, net 48,000 Sales revenue 2,175,000 (b) If the results of a physical inventory indicated an inventory at retail of $295,000, what inferences would you draw?

Deere and Company reported inventory in its balance sheet as follows. Inventories $1,999,100,000 What additional disclosures might be necessary to present the inventory fairly?

What modifications to the conventional retail method are necessary to approximate a LIFO retail flow?

Floyd Corporation has the following four items in its ending inventory. Item Cost Net Realizable Value (NRV) Jokers \(2,000 \)2,100 Penguins 5,000 4,950 Riddlers 4,400 4,625 Scarecrows 3,200 3,830 Determine the following: (a) the LCNRV for each item, and (b) the amount of write-down, if any, using (1) an item-by-item LCNRV evaluation and (2) a total category LCNRV evaluation

Kumar Inc. uses a perpetual inventory system. At January 1, 2017, inventory was \(214,000,000 at both cost and net realizable value. At December 31, 2017, the inventory was \)286,000,000 at cost and $265,000,000 at net realizable value. Prepare the entry under (a) the cost-of-goods-sold method and (b) the loss method.

Presented below is information related to Rembrandt Inc.’s inventory, assuming Rembrandt uses lower-of-LIFO cost-or-market. (per unit) Skis Boots Parkas Historical cost \(190.00 \)106.00 $53.00 Selling price 212.00 145.00 73.75 Cost to distribute 19.00 8.00 2.50 Current replacement cost 203.00 105.00 51.00 Normal profit margin 32.00 29.00 21.25 Determine the following: (a) the two limits to market value (i.e., the ceiling and the floor) that should be used in the lower-of cost-or-market computation for skis, (b) the cost amount that should be used in the lower-of-cost-or-market comparison of boots, and (c) the market amount that should be used to value parkas on the basis of the lower-of-cost-or-market.

Kumar Inc. uses LIFO inventory costing. At January 1, 2017, inventory was \(214,000 at both cost and market value. At December 31, 2017, the inventory was \)286,000 at cost and $265,000 at market value. Prepare the necessary December 31 entry under (a) the cost-of-goods-sold method and (b) the loss method.

Bell, Inc. buys 1,000 computer game CDs from a distributor who is discontinuing those games. The purchase price for the lot is \(8,000. Bell will group the CDs into three price categories for resale, as indicated below. Group No. of CDs Price per CD 1 100 \) 5 2 800 10 3 100 15 Determine the cost per CD for each group, using the relative sales value method

Kemper Company signed a long-term noncancelable purchase commitment with a major supplier to purchase raw materials in 2018 at a cost of \(1,000,000. At December 31, 2017, the raw materials to be purchased have a market value of \)950,000. Prepare any necessary December 31, 2017, entry.

Boyne Inc. had beginning inventory of \(12,000 at cost and \)20,000 at retail. Net purchases were \(120,000 at cost and \)170,000 at retail. Net markups were \(10,000, net markdowns were \)7,000, and sales revenue was $147,000. Compute ending inventory at cost using the conventional retail method

In its 2015 annual report, Gap Inc. reported inventory of \(1,889 million on January 31, 2015, and \)1,928 million on February 1, 2014, cost of goods sold of \(10,146 million for 2015, and net sales of \)16,435 million. Compute Gap’s inventory turnover and the average days to sell inventory for the fiscal year 2015

Use the information for Boyne Inc. from BE9-10. Compute ending inventory at cost using the LIFO retail method.

Use the information for Boyne Inc. from BE9-10, and assume the price level increased from 100 at the beginning of the year to 115 at year-end. Compute ending inventory at cost using the dollar-value LIFO retail method

The inventory of Oheto Company on December 31, 2017, consists of the following items. Part Quantity Cost per Unit Net Realizable Value 110 600 \( 95 \)100 111 1,000 60 52 112 500 80 76 113 200 170 180 120 400 205 208 121a 1,600 16 1 122 300 240 235 a Part No. 121 is obsolete and has a realizable value of $1 each as scrap. Instructions 1. Determine the inventory as of December 31, 2017, by the LCNRV method, applying this method to each item. 2. Determine the inventory by the LCNRV method, applying the method to the total of the inventory.

Riegel Company uses the LCNRV method, on an individual-item basis, in pricing its inventory items. The inventory at December 31, 2017, consists of products D, E, F, G, H, and I. Relevant per unit data for these products appear below. Item DE F GH I Estimated selling price \(120 \)110 \(95 \)90 \(110 \)90 Cost 75 80 80 80 50 36 Cost to complete 30 30 25 35 30 30 Selling costs 10 18 10 20 10 20 Instructions Using the LCNRV rule, determine the proper unit value for balance sheet reporting purposes at December 31, 2017, for each of the inventory items above.

Sedato Company follows the practice of pricing its inventory at LCNRV, on an individual-item basis. Item No. Quantity Cost per Unit Estimated Selling Price Cost to Complete and Sell 1320 1,200 \(3.20 \)4.50 $1.60 1333 900 2.70 3.40 1.00 1426 800 4.50 5.00 1.40 1437 1,000 3.60 3.20 1.35 1510 700 2.25 3.25 1.40 1522 500 3.00 3.90 0.80 1573 3,000 1.80 2.50 1.20 1626 1,000 4.70 6.00 1.50 Instructions From the information above, determine the amount of Sedato Company inventory

Presented below is information related to Knight Enterprises. Jan. 31 Feb. 28 Mar. 31 Apr. 30 Inventory at cost \(15,000 \)15,100 \(17,000 \)14,000 Inventory at LCNRV 14,500 12,600 15,600 13,300 Purchases for the month 17,000 24,000 26,500 Sales for the month 29,000 35,000 40,000 Instructions (a) From the information, prepare (as far as the data permit) monthly income statements in columnar form for February, March, and April. The inventory is to be shown in the statement at cost; the gain or loss due to market fluctuations is to be shown separately (using a valuation account). (b) Prepare the journal entry required to establish the valuation account at January 31 and entries to adjust it monthly thereafter. E9-6 (L01) (LCNR

Dover Company began operations in 2017 and determined its ending inventory at cost and at LCNRV at December 31, 2017, and December 31, 2018. This information is presented below. Cost Net Realizable Value 12/31/17 \(346,000 \)322,000 12/31/18 410,000 390,000 Instructions (a) Prepare the journal entries required at December 31, 2017, and December 31, 2018, assuming inventory is recorded at LCNRV and a perpetual inventory system using the cost-of-goods-sold method. (b) Prepare journal entries required at December 31, 2017, and December 31, 2018, assuming inventory is recorded at LCNRV and a perpetual system using the loss method. (c) Which of the two methods above provides the higher net income in each year?

(LCNRV—Error Effect) LaGreca Company uses the LCNRV method, on an individual-item basis, in pricing its inventory items. The inventory at December 31, 2017, included product X. Relevant per-unit data for product X are as follows. Estimated selling price \(50 Cost 40 Estimated selling costs 14 Normal profi t 9 There were 1,000 units of product X on hand at December 31, 2017. Product X was incorrectly valued at \)38 per unit for reporting purposes. All 1,000 units were sold in 2018. Instructions Compute the effect of this error on net income for 2017 and the effect on net income for 2018, and indicate the direction of the misstatement for each year.

Corrs Company began operations in 2016 and determined its ending inventory at cost and at lower-of-LIFO cost-or-market at December 31, 2016, and December 31, 2017. This information is presented below. Cost Lower-of-Cost-or-Market 12/31/16 \(356,000 \)327,000 12/31/17 420,000 395,000 Instructions (a) Prepare the journal entries required at December 31, 2016, and December 31, 2017, assuming that the inventory is recorded at market, and a perpetual inventory system (cost-of-goods-sold method) is used. (b) Prepare journal entries required at December 31, 2016, and December 31, 2017, assuming that the inventory is recorded at market under a perpetual system (loss method is used). (c) Which of the two methods above provides the higher net income in each year?

Referring to the inventory data for Sedato Company in E9-3, assume that Sedato follows the practice of pricing its inventory at the lower-of-cost-or-market, on an individual-item basis. Item No. Quantity Cost per Unit Cost to Replace Estimated Selling Price Cost of Completion and Disposal Normal Profi t 1320 1,200 \(3.20 \)3.00 \(4.50 \)0.35 $1.25 1333 900 2.70 2.30 3.50 0.50 0.50 1426 800 4.50 3.70 5.00 0.40 1.00 1437 1,000 3.60 3.10 3.20 0.25 0.90 1510 700 2.25 2.00 3.25 0.80 0.60 1522 500 3.00 2.70 3.80 0.40 0.50 1573 3,000 1.80 1.60 2.50 0.75 0.50 1626 1,000 4.70 5.20 6.00 0.50 1.00 Instructions From the information above, determine the amount of Sedato Company inventory

Phil Collins Realty Corporation purchased a tract of unimproved land for \(55,000. This land was improved and subdivided into building lots at an additional cost of \)34,460. These building lots were all of the same size but owing to differences in location were offered for sale at different prices as follows. Group No. of Lots Price per Lot 1 9 \(3,000 2 15 4,000 3 17 2,400 Operating expenses for the year allocated to this project total \)18,200. Lots unsold at the year-end were as follows. Group 1 5 lots Group 2 7 lots Group 3 2 lots Instructions At the end of the fiscal year Phil Collins Realty Corporation instructs you to arrive at the net income realized on this operation to date.

During 2017, Pretenders Furniture Company purchases a carload of wicker chairs. The manufacturer sells the chairs to Pretenders for a lump sum of \(59,850 because it is discontinuing manufacturing operations and wishes to dispose of its entire stock. Three types of chairs are included in the carload. The three types and the estimated selling price for each are listed below. Type No. of Chairs Estimated Selling Price Each Lounge chairs 400 \)90 Armchairs 300 80 Straight chairs 700 50 During 2017, Pretenders sells 200 lounge chairs, 100 armchairs, and 120 straight chairs. Instructions What is the amount of gross profit realized during 2017? What is the amount of inventory of unsold straight chairs on December 31, 2017?

Marvin Gaye Company has been having difficulty obtaining key raw materials for its manufacturing process. The company therefore signed a long-term noncancelable purchase commitment with its largest supplier of this raw material on November 30, 2017, at an agreed price of \(400,000. At December 31, 2017, the raw material had declined in price to \)365,000. Instructions What entry would you make on December 31, 2017, to recognize these facts?

At December 31, 2017, Indigo Girls Company has outstanding noncancelable purchase commitments for 36,000 gallons, at \(3.00 per gallon, of raw material to be used in its manufacturing process. The company prices its raw material inventory at cost or market, whichever is lower. Instructions (a) Assuming that the market price as of December 31, 2017, is \)3.30, how would this matter be treated in the accounts and statements? Explain. (b) Assuming that the market price as of December 31, 2017, is \(2.70, instead of \)3.30, how would you treat this situation in the accounts and statements? (c) Give the entry in January 2018, when the 36,000-gallon shipment is received, assuming that the situation given in (b) above existed at December 31, 2017, and that the market price in January 2018 was $2.70 per gallon. Give an explanation of your treatment.

Gross Profit Method) Each of the following gross profit percentages is expressed in terms of cost. 1. 20%. 3. 331 /3%. 2. 25%. 4. 50%. Instructions Indicate the gross profit percentage in terms of sales for each of the above.

Mark Price Company uses the gross profit method to estimate inventory for monthly reporting purposes. Presented below is information for the month of May. Inventory, May 1 $ 160,000 Purchases (gross) 640,000 Freight-in 30,000 Sales revenue 1,000,000 Sales returns 70,000 Purchase discounts 12,000 Instructions (a) Compute the estimated inventory at May 31, assuming that the gross profit is 30% of sales. (b) Compute the estimated inventory at May 31, assuming that the gross profit is 30% of cost.

Tim Legler requires an estimate of the cost of goods lost by fire on March 9. Merchandise on hand on January 1 was \(38,000. Purchases since January 1 were \)72,000; freight-in, \(3,400; purchase returns and allowances, \)2,400. Sales are made at 331 /3% above cost and totaled \(100,000 to March 9. Goods costing \)10,900 were left undamaged by the fire; remaining goods were destroyed. Instructions (a) Compute the cost of goods destroyed. (b) Compute the cost of goods destroyed, assuming that the gross profit is 331 /3% of sales.

Wallace Company lost most of its inventory in a fire in December just before the year-end physical inventory was taken. The corporation’s books disclosed the following. Beginning inventory \(170,000 Sales revenue \)650,000 Purchases for the year 390,000 Sales returns 24,000 Purchase returns 30,000 Rate of gross profi t on net sales 40% Merchandise with a selling price of \(21,000 remained undamaged after the fire. Damaged merchandise with an original selling price of \)15,000 had a net realizable value of $5,300. Instructions Compute the amount of the loss as a result of the fire, assuming that the corporation had no insurance coverage.

You are called by Tim Duncan of Spurs Co. on July 16 and asked to prepare a claim for insurance as a result of a theft that took place the night before. You suggest that an inventory be taken immediately. The following data are available. Inventory, July 1 \( 38,000 Purchases—goods placed in stock July 1–15 85,000 Sales revenue—goods delivered to customers (gross) 116,000 Sales returns—goods returned to stock 4,000 Your client reports that the goods on hand on July 16 cost \)30,500, but you determine that this figure includes goods of $6,000 received on a consignment basis. Your past records show that sales are made at approximately 40% over cost. Duncan’s insurance covers only goods owned. Instructions Compute the claim against the insurance company.

Gheorghe Moresan Lumber Company handles three principal lines of merchandise with these varying rates of gross profit on cost. Lumber 25% Millwork 30% Hardware and fittings 40% On August 18, a fire destroyed the office, lumber shed, and a considerable portion of the lumber stacked in the yard. To file a report of loss for insurance purposes, the company must know what the inventories were immediately preceding the fire. No detail or perpetual inventory records of any kind were maintained. The only pertinent information you are able to obtain are the following facts from the general ledger, which was kept in a fireproof vault and thus escaped destruction. Lumber Millwork Hardware Inventory, Jan. 1, 2017 \( 250,000 \) 90,000 $ 45,000 Purchases to Aug. 18, 2017 1,500,000 375,000 160,000 Sales revenue to Aug. 18, 2017 2,080,000 533,000 210,000 Exercises 479 480 Chapter 9 Inventories: Additional Valuation Issues Instructions Submit your estimate of the inventory amounts immediately preceding the fire.