Chapter 2

Consider the balanced equation for the combustion of hexane, a component of gasoline: $$ 2 \mathrm{C}_{6} \mathrm{H}_{14}+19 \mathrm{O}_{2} \longrightarrow 12 \mathrm{CO}_{2}+14 \mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O} $$ (a) How many atoms of \(\mathrm{C}\) are on each side of the equation? (b) How many atoms of \(\mathrm{H}\) are on each side of the equation? (c) How many atoms of \(\mathrm{O}\) are on each side of the equation?

Use the periodic table, but not Table \(2.2,\) to write the (b) Br, (c) \(\mathrm{Mg},\) (d) \(\mathrm{S},\) and symbols for the ions of (a) \(\mathrm{K}\) (e) Al.

Use the periodic table, but not Table \(2.2,\) to write the symbols for ions of (a) barium, (b) oxygen, (c) fluorine, (d) strontium, and (e) rubidium.

Write formulas for ionic compounds formed between (a) \(\mathrm{Na}\) and \(\mathrm{Br}\), (b) \(\mathrm{K}\) and \(\mathrm{I},(\mathbf{c}) \mathrm{Ba}\) and \(\mathrm{O},\) (d) \(\mathrm{Mg}\) and \(\mathrm{Br}\), (e) \(\mathrm{Al}\) and \(\mathrm{S},\) and \((\mathbf{f}) \mathrm{Ba}\) and \(\mathrm{F}\)

Write formulas for ionic compounds formed between (a) \(\mathrm{Al}\) and \(\mathrm{Br},\) (b) \(\mathrm{Rb}\) and \(\mathrm{I},\) (c) \(\mathrm{Sr}\) and \(\mathrm{S}\), (d) \(\mathrm{Mg}\) and \(\mathrm{N}\), (e) Ga and \(\mathrm{O},\) and \((\mathbf{f}) \mathrm{Sr}\) and \(\mathrm{F}\)

Write formulas for the ionic compounds formed from (a) \(\mathrm{K}^{+}\) and nitrate ion, (b) \(\mathrm{Ca}^{2+}\) and acetate ion, (c) ammonium ion and \(\mathrm{Cl}^{-},\) (d) \(\mathrm{Fe}^{3+}\) and carbonate ion, and (e) \(\mathrm{Mg}^{2+}\) and phosphate ion.

Write formulas for the ionic compounds formed from (a) \(\mathrm{Zn}^{2+}\) and hydroxide ion, (b) \(\mathrm{Ag}^{+}\) and chromate ion, (c) \(\mathrm{Ba}^{2+}\) and sulfite ion, (d) \(\mathrm{Rb}^{+}\) and sulfate ion, and (e) \(\mathrm{Li}^{+}\) and bicarbonate ion.

Write formulas for the ionic compounds formed from \(\mathrm{Cl}^{-}\) and (a) cadmium ion, (b) silver ion, (c) zinc ion, and (d) nickel ion.

Name the following ionic compounds: (a) CaS, (b) AlBr, (c) \(\mathrm{Na}_{3} \mathrm{P}\) (d) \(\mathrm{Ba}_{3} \mathrm{As}_{2}\) (e) \(\mathrm{Rb}_{2} \mathrm{~S}\).

Name the following ionic compounds: (a) \(\mathrm{NaF},\) (b) \(\mathrm{Mg}_{2} \mathrm{C}\) (c) \(\mathrm{Li}_{3} \mathrm{~N}\) (d) \(\mathrm{Al}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{3}\) (e) \(\mathrm{K}_{2} \mathrm{Se}\)

Name the following molecular compounds: (a) \(\mathrm{SiO}_{2}\), (b) \(\mathrm{XeF}_{4}\) (c) \(\mathrm{P}_{4} \mathrm{O}_{10}\) (d) \(\mathrm{Cl}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{7}\)

Name the following ionic compounds using the Stock system: (a) FeS, (b) \(\mathrm{CuO}\) (c) \(\mathrm{SnO}_{2}\), (d) \(\mathrm{CoCl}_{2} \cdot 6 \mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O} .\)

Name the following ionic compounds using the Stock system: (a) \(\mathrm{Mn}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{3}\) (b) \(\mathrm{Hg}_{2} \mathrm{Cl}_{2}\), (c) \(\mathrm{PbS}\), (d) \(\mathrm{CrCl}_{3} \cdot 4 \mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}\)

Name the following. If necessary, refer to Table 2.4 in Section 2.5. (a) \(\mathrm{NaNO}_{2},\) (b) \(\mathrm{KMnO}_{4},\) (c) \(\mathrm{MgSO}_{4} \cdot 7 \mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O},\) (d) KSCN

Identify each of the following as molecular or ionic, and give its name: (a) \(\mathrm{CrCl}_{2}\) (e) \(\mathrm{KIO}_{3}\) (h) \(\mathrm{AgCN}\) (b) \(\mathrm{S}_{2} \mathrm{Cl}_{2}\) (f) \(\mathrm{P}_{4} \mathrm{O}_{6}\) (i) \(\mathrm{ZnBr}_{2}\) (c) \(\mathrm{SO}_{3}\) (g) \(\mathrm{CaSO}_{3}\) (j) \(\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{Se}\) (d) \(\mathrm{NH}_{4} \mathrm{C}_{2} \mathrm{H}_{3} \mathrm{O}_{2}\)

Identify each of the following as molecular or ionic, and give its name: (a) \(\mathrm{V}\left(\mathrm{NO}_{3}\right)_{3}\) (e) \(\mathrm{GeBr}_{4}\) (h) \(\mathrm{I}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{4}\) (b) \(\mathrm{Au}_{2} \mathrm{~S}\) (f) \(\mathrm{K}_{2} \mathrm{CrO}_{4}\) (i) \(\mathrm{I}_{4} \mathrm{O}_{9}\) (c) \(\mathrm{Au}_{2} \mathrm{~S}_{3}\) (g) \(\mathrm{Fe}(\mathrm{OH})_{2}\) (j) \(\mathrm{P}_{4} \mathrm{Se}_{3}\) (d) \(\mathrm{Co}\left(\mathrm{C}_{2} \mathrm{H}_{3} \mathrm{O}_{2}\right)_{2}\)

Write formulas for the following. (a) sodium monohydrogen phosphate (b) lithium selenide (c) chromium(III) acetate (d) disulfur decafluoride (e) nickel(II) cyanide (f) iron(III) oxide (g) antimony pentafluoride

Write formulas for the following. (a) dialuminum hexachloride (b) tetraarsenic decaoxide (c) magnesium hydroxide (d) copper(II) bisulfate (e) ammonium thiocyanate (f) potassium thiosulfate (g) diiodine pentaoxide

Write formulas for the following. (a) ammonium sulfide (b) chromium(III) sulfate hexahydrate (c) silicon tetrafluoride (d) molybdenum(IV) sulfide (e) tin(IV) chloride (f) hydrogen selenide (g) tetraphosphorus heptasulfide

Write formulas for the following. (a) mercury(II) acetate (b) barium hydrogen sulfite (c) boron trichloride (d) calcium phosphide (e) magnesium dihydrogen phosphate (f) calcium oxalate (g) xenon tetrafluoride

Which of the following names are incorrect? Write the correct name if possible; if there are several possibilities, write them all. If the name is correct, write the formula. (a) sulfate of barium (b) potassium bromide (c) iron(III) carbonate (d) aluminum(III) phosphate (e) calcium selenide (f) trimagnesium diphosphate (g) dilithium difluoride

The compound \(\mathrm{P}_{2} \mathrm{~S}_{5}\) is used to manufacture safety matches. What is the name of this compound?

What are the formulas for mercury(I) nitrate dihydrate and mercury(II) nitrate monohydrate?

Write the balanced gas phase chemical equation for the reaction of dinitrogen pentoxide with sulfur dioxide to form sulfur trioxide and nitrogen oxide. What small, whole-number ratios are expected for oxygen in the nitrogen oxides and the sulfur oxides?

Around 1750 Benjamin Franklin knew of two opposite types of electric charge, produced by rubbing a glass rod or amber rod with fur. He decided that the charge developed on the glass rod should be the "positive" charge, and from there on charges were defined. What would have changed if Franklin had decided the amber rod was the positive charge?

Spreadsheet applications such as Microsoft Excel can display data in a variety of ways, some of which are shown throughout this book. What method of displaying periodic trends (for example, line graphs, tables, bar graphs, 3-D views, etc.) is most effective for your learning style? Explain your answer by stating why your chosen display is better than the others.