Stoichiometry of Chemical Reactions

What volume of 0.0105-M HBr solution is required to titrate 125 mL of a 0.0100-M Ca(OH)₂ solution?

Ca(OH)₂(aq) + 2HBr(aq) ⟶ CaBr₂(aq) + 2H₂ O(l)

Titration of a 20.0-mL sample of acid rain required 1.7 mL of 0.0811 M NaOH to reach the end point. If we assume that the acidity of the rain is due to the presence of sulfuric acid, what was the concentration of sulfuric acid in this sample of rain?

What is the concentration of NaCl in a solution if titration of 15.00 mL of the solution with 0.2503 M AgNO₃ requires 20.22 mL of the AgNO₃ solution to reach the end point?

AgNO₃(aq) + NaCl(aq) ⟶ AgCl(s) + NaNO₃(aq)

In a common medical laboratory determination of the concentration of free chloride ion in blood serum, a serum sample is titrated with a Hg(NO3)2 solution.

2Cl−(aq) + Hg(NO₃)₂(aq) ⟶ 2NO₃⁻(aq) + HgCl₂(s)

What is the Cl⁻ concentration in a 0.25-mL sample of normal serum that requires 1.46 mL of 8.25 × 10⁻⁴ M Hg(NO₃)₂(aq) to reach the end point?

Potatoes can be peeled commercially by soaking them in a 3-M to 6-M solution of sodium hydroxide, then removing the loosened skins by spraying them with water. Does a sodium hydroxide solution have a suitable concentration if titration of 12.00 mL of the solution requires 30.6 mL of 1.65 M HCI to reach the end point?

A sample of gallium bromide, GaBr₂, weighing 0.165 g was dissolved in water and treated with silver nitrate, AgNO₃, resulting in the precipitation of 0.299 g AgBr. Use these data to compute the %Ga (by mass) GaBr₂.

The principal component of mothballs is naphthalene, a compound with a molecular mass of about 130 amu, containing only carbon and hydrogen. A 3.000-mg sample of naphthalene burns to give 10.3 mg of CO2. Determine its empirical and molecular formulas.

A 0.025-g sample of a compound composed of boron and hydrogen, with a molecular mass of ~28 amu, burns spontaneously when exposed to air, producing 0.063 g of B₂O₃. What are the empirical and molecular formulas of the compound?

Sodium bicarbonate (baking soda), NaHCO₃, can be purified by dissolving it in hot water (60°C), filtering to remove insoluble impurities, cooling to 0 °C to precipitate solid NaHCO₃ , and then filtering to remove the solid, leaving soluble impurities in solution. Any NaHCO₃ that remains in solution is not recovered. The solubility of NaHCO₃ in hot water of 60 °C is 164 g/L. Its solubility in cold water of 0 °C is 69 g/L. What is the percent yield of NaHCO₃ when it is purified by this method?

What volume of 0.600 M HCl is required to react completely with 2.50 g of sodium hydrogen carbonate?

\({\rm{NaHC}}{{\rm{O}}_{3(aq)}}{\rm{  +   HC}}{{\rm{l}}_{(aq)}}{\rm{ }} \to {\rm{ NaC}}{{\rm{l}}_{(aq)}}{\rm{  +   C}}{{\rm{O}}_{2(aq)}}{\rm{  +  }}{{\rm{H}}_2}{{\rm{O}}_{({\rm{l}})}}\)

What volume of 0.08892 M HNO₃ is required to react completely with 0.2352 g of potassium hydrogen phosphate?

\(2{\rm{HN}}{{\rm{O}}_{3({\rm{aq}})}}{\rm{  +   }}{{\rm{K}}_2}{\rm{HP}}{{\rm{O}}_{4({\rm{aq}})}}{\rm{ }} \to {\rm{ }}{{\rm{H}}_2}{\rm{P}}{{\rm{O}}_{4({\rm{aq)}}}}{\rm{  +   2KN}}{{\rm{O}}_{3({\rm{aq}})}}\)

What volume of a 0.3300-M solution of sodium hydroxide would be required to titrate 15.00 mL of 0.1500 M oxalic acid?

\({{\rm{C}}_2}{{\rm{O}}_4}{{\rm{H}}_{2({\rm{aq}})}}{\rm{  +   2NaO}}{{\rm{H}}_{({\rm{aq}})}}{\rm{ }} \to {\rm{ N}}{{\rm{a}}_2}{{\rm{C}}_2}{{\rm{O}}_{4({\rm{aq}})}}{\rm{  +   2}}{{\rm{H}}_2}{{\rm{O}}_{({\rm{l}})}}\)

What volume of a 0.00945 M solution of potassium hydroxide would be required to titrate 50.00 mL of a sample of acid rain with a H₂SO₄ concentration of    1.23×10^-4M

\({{\rm{H}}_2}{\rm{S}}{{\rm{O}}_{4({\rm{aq}})}}{\rm{  +   2KO}}{{\rm{H}}_{({\rm{aq}})}}{\rm{ }} \to {\rm{ }}{{\rm{K}}_2}{\rm{S}}{{\rm{O}}_{4({\rm{aq}})}}{\rm{  +   2}}{{\rm{H}}_2}{{\rm{O}}_{{\rm{(l)}}}}\)

A sample of solid calcium hydroxide, Ca(OH)₂ is allowed to stand in water until a saturated solution is formed. A titration of 75.00 mL of this solution with 5.00×10^-2M HCl requires 36.6 mL of the acid to reach the end point.

\({\rm{Ca(OH}}{{\rm{)}}_{2({\rm{aq}})}}{\rm{  +   2HC}}{{\rm{l}}_{({\rm{aq}})}}{\rm{ }} \to {\rm{ CaC}}{{\rm{l}}_{2({\rm{aq}})}}{\rm{  +  2}}{{\rm{H}}_2}{{\rm{O}}_{({\rm{l}})}}\)

What is the molarity?

What mass of Ca(OH)₂ will react with 25.0 g of propionic acid to form the preservative calcium propionate according to the equation?

How many milliliters of a 0.1500-M solution of KOH will be required to titrate 40.00 mL of a 0.0656-M solution of H₃PO₄?

\({{\rm{H}}_3}{\rm{P}}{{\rm{O}}_{4({\rm{aq}})}}{\rm{  +   2KO}}{{\rm{H}}_{({\rm{aq}})}}{\rm{ }} \to {\rm{ }}{{\rm{K}}_2}{\rm{HP}}{{\rm{O}}_{4({\rm{aq}})}}{\rm{  +   2}}{{\rm{H}}_2}{{\rm{O}}_{({\rm{l}})}}\)

Potassium acid phthalate, KHC₆H₄O₄ or KHP, is used in many laboratories, including general chemistry laboratories, to standardize solutions of base. KHP is one of only a few stable solid acids that can be dried by warming and weighed. A 0.3420-g sample of KHC₆H₄O₄ reacts with 35.73 mL of a NaOH solution in a titration. What is the molar concentration of the NaOH?

\({\rm{KH}}{{\rm{C}}_6}{{\rm{H}}_4}{{\rm{O}}_{4({\rm{aq}})}}{\rm{  +   NaO}}{{\rm{H}}_{({\rm{aq}})}}{\rm{ }} \to {\rm{ KNa}}{{\rm{C}}_6}{{\rm{H}}_4}{{\rm{O}}_{4({\rm{aq}})}}{\rm{  +   }}{{\rm{H}}_2}{{\rm{O}}_{({\rm{aq}})}}\)

The reaction of WCl₆ with Al at ~400⁰C gives black crystals of a compound containing only tungsten and chlorine. A sample of this compound, when reduced with hydrogen, gives 0.2232 g of tungsten metal and hydrogen chloride, which is absorbed in water. Titration of the hydrochloric acid thus produced requires 46.2 mL of 0.1051 M NaOH to reach the end point. What is the empirical formula of the black tungsten chloride?

Uranium can be isolated from its ores by dissolving it as UO₂(NO₃)₂, then separating it as solid UO₂(C₂O₄). Addition of 0.4031 g of sodium oxalate, NaC₂O₄, to a solution containing 1.481 g of uranyl nitrate, UO₂(NO₃)₂, yields 1.073 g of solid

\(Na{C_2}{O_4} + U{O_2}{\left( {N{O_3}} \right)_2} + 3{H_2}O \to U{O_2}\left( {{C_2}{O_4}} \right) \cdot 3{H_2}O + 2NaN{O_3}\)