Chapter 20

If the volume of a sample of chlorine gas is 8.2 \(\mathrm{L}\) at 1.2 atm and 306 \(\mathrm{K}\) , what volume will the gas occupy at STP? (Chapter 13\()\)

Explain how the molarity of a solution is different from its molality. (Chapter 14)

Define the calorie. State how the calorie is related to the Calorie and the joule. (Chapter 15\()\)

Explain why you would find an aluminum chair to be hotter to sit on than a wooden bench after each had been in the sunlight for the same amount of time. (Chapter 15\()\)

What does a negative sign for the free energy of a reaction tell you about the reaction? $$\left(\Delta G_{\mathrm{system}}=\Delta H_{\mathrm{system}}-T \Delta S_{\mathrm{system}}\right)(\text {Chapter } 15)$$

According to the collision model of chemical reactions, how is it possible that two molecules can collide but not react? (Chapter 16\()\)

List five factors that can affect the rate of a reaction. (Chapter 16\()\)

The decomposition reaction \(\mathrm{A}_{2} \mathrm{B} \rightarrow 2 \mathrm{A}+\mathrm{B}\) proceeds to equilibrium at \(499^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\) . Analysis of the equilibrium mix- ture shows \(\left[\mathrm{A}_{2} \mathrm{B}\right]=0.855 \mathrm{mol} / \mathrm{L},[\mathrm{A}]=2.045 \mathrm{mol} / \mathrm{L}\) and \([\mathrm{B}]=1.026 \mathrm{mol} / \mathrm{L} .\) What is \(K \mathrm{eq} ?(\)Chapter 17\()\)

What is the solubility in mol/L of silver iodide, AgI. \(K_{\mathrm{sp}}\) for AgI is \(3.5 \times 10^{-17} .(\)Chapter 17\()\)

If you have a solution of a strong acid, is that the same as having a concentrated solution of the acid? Explain your answer. (Chapter 18\()\)

What are the oxidation numbers for the elements in the ion \(\mathrm{PO}_{4}^{3-} ?\) (Chapter 19\()\)

Electrochemical Biological Reactions Standard reduction potentials for some important biological reactions are given in Table \(20.2 .\) The strongest oxidizing agent generally available in biological systems is molecular oxygen. Consider the oxidation of reduced nicotinamide-adenine-dinucleotide \((N A D H)\) by molecular oxygen. The reaction is the following. $$2 \mathrm{NADH}+2 \mathrm{H}^{+}+\mathrm{O}_{2} \rightarrow 2 \mathrm{NAD}^{+}+2 \mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}$$ Write the two half-reactions that take place in this reaction.

Electrochemical Biological Reactions Standard reduction potentials for some important biological reactions are given in Table \(20.2 .\) The strongest oxidizing agent generally available in biological systems is molecular oxygen. Consider the oxidation of reduced nicotinamide-adenine-dinucleotide \((N A D H)\) by molecular oxygen. The reaction is the following. $$2 \mathrm{NADH}+2 \mathrm{H}^{+}+\mathrm{O}_{2} \rightarrow 2 \mathrm{NAD}^{+}+2 \mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}$$ Calculate the cell potential of this reaction using table 20.1 on page 712 and Table 20.2 .

Electrochemical Biological Reactions Standard reduction potentials for some important biological reactions are given in Table \(20.2 .\) The strongest oxidizing agent generally available in biological systems is molecular oxygen. Consider the oxidation of reduced nicotinamide-adenine-dinucleotide \((N A D H)\) by molecular oxygen. The reaction is the following. $$2 \mathrm{NADH}+2 \mathrm{H}^{+}+\mathrm{O}_{2} \rightarrow 2 \mathrm{NAD}^{+}+2 \mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}$$ Will NAD \(^{+}\) oxidize \(\mathrm{Fe}^{2+}\) to \(\mathrm{Fe}^{3+} ?\) Explain your answer.