Gases

A sample containing$1.50 moles of Ne$ gas has an initial volume of $8.00L$. What is the final volume, in liters, when each of the following occurs and pressure and temperature do not change?

a. A leak allows one-half of $Ne$ atoms to escape.

b. A sample of $3.50 moles of Ne$ is added to the $1.50 moles of Ne$ gas in the container.

c. A sample of $25.0 g$of $Ne$is added to the $1.50 moles of Ne$gas in the container.

A typical air sample in the lungs contains oxygen at $100 mmHg$, nitrogen at $573 mmHg$,n carbon dioxide at $40 mmHg$, and water vapor at $47 mmHg$. Why are these pressures called partial pressures?

Suppose a mixture contains helium and oxygen gases. If the partial pressure of helium is the same as the partial pressure of oxygen, what do you know about the number of helium atoms compared to the number of oxygen molecules? Explain.

In a gas mixture, the partial pressures are nitrogen $425 Torr$, oxygen $115 Torr$, and helium $225 Torr$. What is the total pressure, in Torr, exerted by the gas mixture?

In a gas mixture, the partial pressure are argon $415 mmHg$, neon $75 mmHg$, and nitrogen $125 mmHg$. What is the total pressure, in $mmHg$, exerted by the gas mixture?

A gas mixture containing oxygen, nitrogen, and helium exerts a total pressure of $925 Torr$. If the partial pressures are oxygen $425 Torr$ and helium $75 Torr$, what is the partial pressure, $Torr$, of the nitrogen in the mixture?

A gas mixture containing oxygen, nitrogen, and neon exerts a total pressure of $1.20 atm$. If helium added to the mixture increases the pressure to $1.50 atm$, what is the partial pressure, in atmospheres, of the helium?

Whitney's lung capacity was measured as $3.2 L$at a body temperature of $37°C$and a pressure of $745 mmHg$. What is her lung capacity, in liters, at STP?

In certain lung ailments such as emphysema, there is a decrease in the ability of oxygen to diffuse into the blood.

a. How would the partial pressure of oxygen in the blood change?

b. Why does a person with severe emphysema sometimes use a portable oxygen tank?

A head injury can affect the ability of a person to ventilate(breath in and out).

a. What would happen to the partial pressure of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood if a person cannot properly ventilate?

b. When a person who cannot breathe properly is placed on a ventilator, an air mixture is delivered at pressures that are alternately above the air pressure in the person's lung, and then below. How will this move oxygen into the lungs, and carbon dioxide out?

At $100 °C$ which of the following diagrams $(1 ,2 ,or 3)$ represents a gas sample that exerts the:$(8.1)$

a. lowest pressure?

b. highest pressure?

Two flasks of equal volume and at the same temperature contain different gases. One flask contains $5.0 g of H_2$. Is each of the following statements true or false? Explain. $\left(8.1\right)$

a. Both flasks contain the same number of molecules.

b. The pressure in the the flasks are the same.

Two flasks of equal volume and at the same temperature contain different gases. One flask contains $10.0g$ of $He$. Is each of the following statements true or false? Explain.$(8.1)$

a. The flask that contains $He$ has a higher pressure than the flask that contains $Ne$.

b. The densities of the gases are the same.

In $1783$, Jacques Charles launched his first balloon filled with hydrogen gas, which he chose because it was lighter than air. If the balloon had a volume of $31000 L$, how many kilograms of hydrogen were needed to fill the balloon at STP?

In problem $8.71$, the balloon reached an altitude of  $1000m$, where the pressure was $658mmHg$ and the temperature was $-8°C$. What was the volume, in liters, of the balloon at these conditions?

A sample of Hydrogen$\left(H_2\right)$ gas at $127°C$ has a pressure of $2.00atm$. at final temperature, in degrees Celcius, will the pressure of the $H_2$ decreases to $0.25atm$, if  $V and n$ do not change?

A fire extinguisher has a pressure of $10atm$ at $25°C$. What is the final pressure, in atmospheres, when the fire extinguisher is used at a temperature of $75°C$, if $V and n$ do not change?

A weather balloon has a volume of $750L$ when filled with helium  at $8°C$ at a pressure of $380Torr$. What is the final volume, in liters, of the balloon, where the pressure is $0.20atm$ and the temperature is $-45°C$, when $n$ does not change?

During laparoscopic surgery, carbon dioxide gas is used to expand the abdomen to help create a larger working space. If $4.80L$ of $C{O}_2$ gas at $18°C$ at $785mmHg$ is used. What is the final volume, in litres, of the gas at $37°C$ and a pressure of $745mmHg$, if the amount of $C{O}_2$ does not change?

An airplane is pressurized with air to $650 mmHg$.$(8.7)$

a. If air is $21\%$ oxygen, what is the partial pressure of oxygen on the plane?

b. If the partial pressure of oxygen drops below $100 mmHg$. passengers become drowsy. If this happens, oxygen masks are released. What is the total cabin pressure at which oxygen masks are dropped?

At a restaurant, a customer chokes on a piece of food. You put your arms around the person's waist and use your fists to push up on the person's abdomen, an action called the Heimlich maneuver.$(8.2)$

a. How would this action change the volume of the chest and lungs?

b. Why does it cause the person to expel the food item from the airway?

Indicate which diagram $(1,2 or 3)$ represents the volume of the gas sample in a flexible container when each of the following changes $(a to b)$ takes place:$\left(8.2 , 8.3\right)$

a. Temperature increases if the pressure does not change.

b. Temperature decreases if the pressure does not change.

c. Atmospheric pressure decreases if the temperature does not change.

d. Doubling the atmospheric pressure and doubling the Kelvin temperature. 

A balloon is filled with helium gas at a partial pressure of $1.00 atm$ and neon gas with a partial pressure of $0.50 atm$. For each of the following changes (a to e) of the initial balloon, select the diagram (A, B, or C) that shows the final volume of the balloon:$\left(8.2, 8.3 , 8.6\right)$

a. The balloon is put in a cold storage unit ($P and n$do not change).

b. The balloon floats to a higher altitude where the pressure is less ($n and T$ do not change).

c. All of the neon gas is removed ($T and P$ do not change).

d. The Kelvin temperature doubles and half of the gas atoms leak out ($P$ does not change).

e. $2.0 moles of O_2$ gas is added ($T and P$ do not change).

Indicate if pressure increase decreases, or stays the same in each of the following: $\left(8.2 ,8.4 ,8.6\right)$

A weather balloon is partially filled with helium to allow for expansion at high altitudes. At STP, a weather balloon is filled with enough helium to give a volume of $25.0L$. At an altitude of $30.0km$ and $-35°C$, it has expanded to $2460L$. The increase in volume cause it to burst and a small parachute returns the instruments to Earth.

a. How many grams of helium are added to the balloon?

b. What is the final pressure, in millimeters of mercury, of the helium inside the balloon when it bursts?

A mixture of nitrogen $\left(N_2\right)$ and helium has a volume of $250mL$ at $30°C$ and a total pressure of $745mmHg$.

a. If the partial pressure of helium is $32mmHg$, what is the partial pressure of the nitrogen?

b. What is the final volume, in litres, of the nitrogen at STP?

Your spaceship has docked at a space station above Mars. The temperature inside the space station is carefully controlled $24°C$ at a pressure of $745 mmHg$. A balloon with a volume of $425 mL$drifts into the airlock where the temperature is $-95°C$ and the pressure is $0.115 atm$. What is the final volume, in milliliter, of the balloon if $n$ does not change and the balloon is very elastic?$\left(8.5\right)$

You are doing research on the planet $X$. The temperature inside the space station is carefully controlled $24°C$ and the pressure is $775 mmHg$. Suppose that a balloon, which has a volume of $850 mL$inside the space station, is placed into the airlock, and floats out to planet $X$. If the planet $X$ has an atmospheric pressure of $0.150 atm$ and the volume of the balloon changes to $3.22L$, what is the temperature, in degree Celsius,  on the planet $X$( $n$ does not change)?$(8.5)$

A gas sample has a volume of  $4250 mL$ at $15°C$ and $745 mmHg$. What is the final temperature, in degrees Celsius, after the sample is transferred to a different container with a volume of $2.50 L$and a pressure of $1.20atm$ if the amount of gas does not change? $(8.5)$

In the fermentation of glucose (winemaking), $780 mL$of $C{O}_2$ gas was produced at $37°C$ and $1.00 atm$. What is the final volume, in liters, of the gas when measured at $22°C$ and $675 mmHg$. If the amount of gas does not change?$(8.5)$

A gas mixture contains oxygen and argon at partial pressures of $0.60atm$ and $425mmHg$. If nitrogen gas added to the sample increase the total pressure to $1250 torr$, what is the partial pressure, in torr, of the nitrogen added?

What is the total pressure, in millimeters of mercury, of a gas mixture containing argon gas at $0.25atm$,helium gas at $350mmHg$, and nitrogen gas at $360 torr$?