Chemistry and Measurements

The distance between the two cities is 1700km. How long will it take, in hours, to drive from one city to the other if your average speed is 63mi/h?

Write the abbreviation for each of the following :

a. gram

b. degree celsius

c. liter

d. pound

e. second

Write the abbreviation for each of the following:

a. kilogram
 b. kelvin
 c. quart
 d. meter
 e. centimeter

State the type of measurement in each of the following statements:
a. I put $12L$ of gasoline in my gas tank.
b. My friend is $170 cm$ tall.
c. Earth is $385000 km$ away from the Moon.
d. The horse won the race by $1.2 s$.

State the type of measurement in each of the following statements:
a. I rode my bicycle $15 km$ today.
b. My dog weighs $12 kg$ .
c. It is hot today. It is $30°$ .
d. I added $2L$ of water to my fish tank.

State the name of the unit and the type of measurement indicated for each of the following quantities:
 a.  $4.8m$
 b.  $325 g$
 c.  $1.5 ml$
 d.  $4.8\times {10}^{2}s$
 e. $28°c$

State the name of the unit and the type of measurement indicated for each of the following quantities:

a. $0.8 L$
b. $3.6 cm$
c. $4 kg$
d. $3.5 h$
e. $373 k$

On a typical day, medical personnel may encounter several situations involving measurement. State the name and type of measurement indicated by the units in each of the following:
a. The clotting time for a blood sample is $12 s$.
b. A premature baby weighs $2.0 kg$ .
c. An antacid tablet contains $1.0 g$ calcium carbonate.
d. An infant has a temperature of $39.2 °C$ .
 

On a typical day, medical personnel may encounter several situations involving measurement. State the name and type of measurement indicated by the units in each of the following:
a. During open-heart surgery, the temperature of a patient is lowered to $29 °C$ .
b. The circulation time of a red blood cell through the body is $20 s$.
c. A patient with a persistent cough is given $10 ml$ of cough syrup.
d. The amount of iron in the red blood cells of the body is $25 g$  .

Identify the numbers in each of the following statements as measured or exact:

(a) A patient has a mass of $67.5 kg$.

(b) A patient is given $2$ tablets of medication.

(c) In the metric system, $1$$L$ is equal to $1000 ml$.

(d) The distance from Denver ,Colorado, to Houston, Texas, is $1720 km$.

Identify the numbers in each of the following statements as measured or exact:

(a) There are $31$ students in the laboratory.

(b) The oldest known flower lived $1.20\times {10}^8 yr$ ago.

(c) The largest gem ever found . an aquamarine , has a mass of  $104 kg$.

(d) A laboratory test shows a blood cholesterol level of $184 mg/dL$.

Write each of the following in scientific notation with two significant figures :

a. $5000 L$           b. $30 000 g$

c. $100 000 m$    d. $0.00025 cm$

Write each of the following in scientific notation with two significant figures :

a. $5100 000 g$             b. $26000 s$

c. $40 000 m$                 d. $0.000 820 kg$

Identify the measured number(s), if any, in each of the following pair of numbers:

a. $3$ hamburgers and $6$ oz of hamburger

b. $1$ table and $4$ chairs

c. $0.75$ lb of grapes and $350$ g of butter

d. $60$s$=1$min

Identify each of the following as measured or exact and give the number of significant figures (SFs) in each measured number: 

Identify each of the following as measured or exact and give the number of significant figures (SFs) in each measured number: 

Identify the exact number(s), if any, in each of the following pair of numbers: 

a. $5$ pizzas and $50.0$ g of cheese

b. $6$ nickels and $16$g of nickel

c. $3$ onions and $3$lb of onions

d. $5$ miles and $5$ cars

Indicate if the zeros are significant in each of the following measurements:

a. $20.05°C$              b. $5.00 m$

c. $0.000 02 g$           d. $120 000 yr$

e. $8.05\times {10}^2 L$.

How many significant figures are in each of the following?

 a. $11.005 \text{g}$
 b. $0.00032 \text{m}$
 c. $36000000 \text{km}$
 d. $1.80\times {10}^4 \text{kg}$
 e. $0.8250 \text{L}$
 f. ${30.0}^{\circ } \text{C}$

How many significant figures are in each of the following?

 a.  $20.60 \text{mL}$
 b.  $1036.48 \text{kg}$
 c.  $4.00 \text{m}$
 d.  ${20.8}^{\circ }\text{C}$
 e.  $60800000 \text{g}$
 f. $5.0\times {10}^{-3} \text{L}$

In which of the following pairs do both numbers contain the same number of significant figures?

 a.$11.0 \mathrm{m} \mathrm{and} 11.00 \mathrm{m}$ 

 b. $0.250 \mathrm{m} \mathrm{and} 0.205 \mathrm{m}$
c. $0.00012 \mathrm{s} \mathrm{and} 12000 \mathrm{s}$

 d. $250 \mathrm{L} \mathrm{and} 2.50\times {10}^{-2 } \mathrm{L}$

In which of the following pairs do both numbers contain the same number of significant figures?

a. $0.00575 and 5.75\times {10}^{-3}$

b. $405 k and 405.0 K$

c. $150000 s and 1.50\times {10}^4$s

d.  $3.8\times {10}^{-2} L and 3.0\times {10}^{5}L$

Indicate if the zeros are significant in each of the following measurements: 

a. $0.0038m$                  b. $5.04 cm$

c. $800 L$                        d. $3.0\times {10}^{-3} kg$

e. $85 000g$

7.3 Calculate each of the following:

a. number of $\mathrm{C}$ atoms in $0.500$mole of $\mathrm{C}$

b. number of ${\mathrm{SO}}_2$ molecules in \(1.28\) moles of \(\mathrm{SO}_{2}\)

c. moles of Fe in \(5.22 \times 10^{22}\) atoms of Fe

d. moles of \(\mathrm{C}_{2} \mathrm{H}_{6} \mathrm{O}\) in \(8.50 \times 10^{24}\) molecules of \(\mathrm{C}_{2} \mathrm{H}_{6} \mathrm{O}\)

Perform each of the following calculations, and give an answer with the correct number of decimal places:

a. $5.08g + 25.1g$

b. $85.66 cm + 104.10 cm +0.025 cm$

c. $24.568 mL - 14.25 mL$

d. $0.2654 L-0.2585 L$

Perform each of the following calculations, and give an answer with the correct number of decimal places:

a. $45.48 cm+8.057 cm$ 

b. $23.45 g+104.1 g+ 0.025 g$

c. $145.675 mL-24.2 mL$

d. $1.08 L-0.585 L$

Perform each of the following calculations, and give an answer with the correct number of significant figures:

a. $400\times 185$

b. $\frac{2.40}{\left(4\right)\left(125\right)}$

c. $0.825\times 3.6\times 5.1$

d. $\frac{\left(3.5\right)\left(0.261\right)}{\left(8.24\right)\left(20.0\right)}$

e. $\frac{\left(5\times {10}^{-5}\right)\left(1.05\times {10}^4\right)}{\left(8.24\times {10}^{-8}\right)}$

f. $\frac{\left(4.25\times {10}^2\right)\left(2.56\times {10}^{-3}\right)}{\left(2.245\times {10}^{-3}\right)\left(56.5\right)}$

Round off each of the following calculator answers to three significant figures:

a. $1.854 kg$                            b. $88.2038 L$

c. $0.0004 738 265 cm$         d. $8807 m$

e. $1.832\times {10}^5 s$.

Round off each of the calculator answers in problem $2.23$ to two significant figures.

Round off or add zeros to each of the following to three significant figures:

a. $56.855 m$              b. $0.002 282 g$

c. $11 527 s$                d. $8.1 L$.

Round off or add zeros to each of the following to two significant figures: 

a. $3.2805 m$                       b. $1.855\times {10}^{2}g$

c. $0.002 341 mL$               d. $2 L$.

Perform each of the following calculations, and give an answer with the correct number of significant figures: 

a. $45.7\times 0.034$

b. $0.00278\times 5$

c. $\frac{34.56}{1.25}$

d. $\frac{(0.2465)\left(25\right)}{1.78}$

e. $(2.8\times {10}^4)(5.05\times {10}^{-6})$

f. $\frac{(3.45 \times {10}^{-2})(1.8\times {10}^5)}{(8\times {10}^3)}$

Write the abbreviation for each of the following units:

a. gigagram

b. megameter

c. microliter

d. nanosecond

Write the complete name for each of the following units:

a. $cL$

b. $kg$

c. $ms$

d. $Gm$

Write the complete name for each of the following units: 

a. $dl$ 

b. $Ts$ 

c. $mcg$ 

d. $pm$

Write the numerical value for each of the following prefixes:

a. centi

b. tera

c. milli

d. deci

Write the numerical value for each of the following prefixes:

a. giga

b. micro

c. mega

d. nano

Use a prefix to write the name for each of the following:

a. $0.1 g$

b. ${10}^{-6} g$

c. $1000 g$

d. $0.01 g$

Use a prefix to write the name for each of the following:

a.${10}^{9}m$

b. ${10}^6 m$

c. $0.001 m$

d. ${10}^{-12} m$

Complete each of the following metric relationships:

(a) $1 m = \underline{ } cm$

(b) $1 m = \underline{ } nm$

(c) $1 mm=\underline{ } m$

(d) $1 L=\underline{ } mL$

Complete each of the following metric relationships:

(a)$1 mg =\underline{ } g$

(b)$1 mL = \underline{ } \mu L$

(c)$1 g =\underline{ }Kg$

(d)$1 g =\underline{ }mg$

For each of the following pairs, which is the larger unit?
a. milligram or kilogram
b. milliliter or microliter
c. m or km
d. kL or dL
e. nanometer or picometer

For each of the following pairs, which is the smaller unit?
a. mg or g
b. centimeter or nanometer
c. millimeter or micrometer
d. mL or dL
e. centigram or megagram

Write the abbreviation for each of the following units:

a. milligram

b. deciliter

c. kilometer

d. picogram

Write the equality and two conversion factors, and identify the numbers as exact or give the number of significant figures for each of the following:

(a) A calcium supplement contains $630$ mg of calcium per tablet.

(b) The Daily Value (DV) for vitamin C is $60$ mg.

(c) The label on a bottle reads $50$ mg of atenolol per tablet.

(d) A low-dose aspirin contains $81$ mg of aspirin per tablet. 

Why can two conversion factors be written for an equality such as $1 \mathrm{m}=100 \mathrm{cm}$?

How can you check that you have written the correct conversion factors for an equality.

Write the equality and two conversion factors, and identify the numbers as exact or give the number of significant figures for each of the following: 

(a) The label on a bottle reads $10$ mg of furosemide per $1$ mL .

(b) The Daily Value (DV) for selenium is $70$ mcg.

(c) An IV of normal saline solution has a flow rate of $85$ mL per hour.  

(d) One capsule of fish oil contains $360$ mg of omega-$3$ fatty acids. 

Write an equality and two conversion factors for each of the following medications: 

(a) $10$ mg of Atarax per $5$ mL of Atarax syrup

(b) $0.25$ g of Lanoxin per $1$ tablet of Lanoxin

(c) $300$ mg of Motrin per $1$ tablet of Motrin

Write an equality and two conversion factors for each of the following medications: 

(a) $2.5$ mg of Coumadin per $1$ tablet of Coumadin

(b) $100$ mg of Clozapine per $1$ tablet of Clozapine

(c) $1.5$ g of Cefuroxime per $1$ mL of Cefuroxime