Chapter 12

With reference to the concept of ionization energy, which one of the following set is correct? (a) \(\mathrm{Cs}>\mathrm{U}>\mathrm{B}\) (b) \(\mathrm{U}>\mathrm{K}>\mathrm{Cs}\) (c) \(\mathrm{Cs}<\mathrm{U}<\mathrm{K}\) (d) \(\mathrm{B}>\mathrm{U}>\mathrm{K}\)

For electron affinity of halogens which of the following is correct? (a) \(\mathrm{F}>\mathrm{I}\) (b) \(\mathrm{F}>\mathrm{CI}\) (c) \(\mathrm{Br}>\mathrm{Cl}\) (d) \(\mathrm{Br}>\mathrm{F}\)

The electronic configuration of the most electronegative element is (a) \(1 \mathrm{~s}^{2}, 2 \mathrm{~s}^{2}, 2 \mathrm{p}^{5}\) (b) \(\mathrm{Is}^{2}, 2 \mathrm{~s}^{2}, 2 \mathrm{p}^{4}, 3 \mathrm{~s}^{1}\) (c) \(1 \mathrm{~s}^{2}, 2 \mathrm{~s}^{2}, 2 \mathrm{p}^{6}, 3 \mathrm{~s}^{1}, 3 \mathrm{p}^{5}\) (d) \(1 \mathrm{~s}^{2}, 2 \mathrm{~s}^{2}, 2 \mathrm{p}^{6}, 3 \mathrm{~s}^{2}, 3 \mathrm{p}^{5}\)

Let electronegativity, ionization energy and electronicaffinity be represented as EN, IP and EA respectively. Which one of the following equation is correct according to Mulliken? (a) \(\mathrm{EN}=\mathrm{IP} \times \mathrm{EA}\) (b) \(\mathrm{EN}=\mathrm{IP} / \mathrm{EA}\) (c) \(\mathrm{EN}=\frac{\mathrm{IP}+\mathrm{EA}}{2}\) (d) \(\mathrm{EN}=\mathrm{IP}-\mathrm{EA}\)

Zn gives \(\mathrm{H}_{2}\) gas with \(\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{SO}_{4}\) and \(\mathrm{HCl}\) but not with \(\mathrm{HNO}_{3}\) because (a) in electrochemical series \(\mathrm{Zn}\) is above hydrogen (b) \(\mathrm{NO}_{3}^{-}\)ion is reduced in preference to hydronium ion (c) Zn acts as an oxidizing agent when reacts with \(\mathrm{HNO}_{3}\) (d) \(\mathrm{HNO}_{3}\) is weaker acid than \(\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{SO}_{4}\) and \(\mathrm{HCl}\)

Which of the following order is correct for the size of \(\mathrm{Fe}^{3+}, \mathrm{Fe}\) and \(\mathrm{Fe}^{2+} ?\) (a) \(\mathrm{Fe}<\mathrm{Fe}^{2+}<\mathrm{Fe}^{3+}\) (b) \(\mathrm{Fe}^{2+}<\mathrm{Fe}^{3+}<\mathrm{Fe}\) (c) \(\mathrm{Fe}<\mathrm{Fe}^{3+}<\mathrm{Fe}^{2+}\) (d) \(\mathrm{Fe}^{3+}<\mathrm{Fe}^{2+}<\mathrm{Fe}\)

Which of the following is obtained when Fe reacts with dilute \(\mathrm{HNO}_{3} ?\) (a) NO (b) \(\mathrm{N}_{2} \mathrm{O}\) (c) \(\mathrm{NO}_{2}\) (d) none of these

In the following, the element with the highest ionization energy is (a) \([\mathrm{Ne}] 3 \mathrm{~s}^{2} 3 \mathrm{p}^{1}\) (b) \([\mathrm{Ne}] 3 \mathrm{~s}^{2} 3 \mathrm{p}^{3}\) (c) \([\mathrm{Ne}] 3 \mathrm{~s}^{2} 3 \mathrm{p}^{2}\) (d) \([\mathrm{Ne}] 3 \mathrm{~s}^{2} 3 \mathrm{p} 4\)

Why \(\operatorname{Sc}(Z=21)\) is not considered as a transition element? (a) properties of \(\mathrm{Sc}\) are similar to alkali metals (b) \(3 \mathrm{~d}\) orbitals are empty in its stable compound (c) stable oxidation number of \(\mathrm{Sc}\) is \(+2\) (d) atomic volume of \(\mathrm{Sc}\) is very large

Which one of the following metals is found in gun metal, monel metal and constantan alloys? (a) \(\mathrm{Cu}\) (b) \(\mathrm{Fe}\) (c) \(\mathrm{Hg}\) (d) \(\mathrm{Zn}\)

Property of alkaline earth metals that increases with their atomic number is (a) ionization energy (b) solubility of their hydroxides (c) solubility of their sulphates (d) electronegativity

Which corresponds to the most electropositive character? (a) \([\mathrm{Xe}] 6 \mathrm{~s}^{1}\) (b) \([\mathrm{Xe}] 6 \mathrm{~s}^{2}\) (c) \([\mathrm{He}] 2 \mathrm{~s}^{1}\) (d) \([\mathrm{He}] 2 \mathrm{~s}^{\mathrm{l}}\)

The correct order of ionic radii of \(\mathrm{Y}^{3+}, \mathrm{La}^{3+}, \mathrm{Eu}^{3+}\) and \(\mathrm{Lu}^{3+}\) is (a) \(\mathrm{Lu}^{3+}<\mathrm{Eu}^{3+}<\mathrm{La}^{3+}<\mathrm{Y}^{3+}\) (b) \(\mathrm{La}^{3+}<\mathrm{Eu}^{3+}<\mathrm{Lu}^{3+}<\mathrm{Y}^{3+}\) (c) \(\mathrm{Y}^{3+}<\mathrm{La}^{3+}<\mathrm{Eu}^{3+}<\mathrm{Lu}^{3+}\) (d) \(\mathrm{Y}^{3+}<\mathrm{Lu}^{3+}<\mathrm{Eu}^{3+}<\mathrm{La}^{3+}\)

Arrange \(\mathrm{S}, \mathrm{O}\) and Se in the ascending order of electron affinity. (a) \(\mathrm{S}<\mathrm{Se}<\mathrm{O}\) (b) \(\mathrm{Se}<\mathrm{O}<\mathrm{S}\) (c) \(\mathrm{Se}<\mathrm{S}<\mathrm{O}\) (d) \(\mathrm{S}<\mathrm{O}<\mathrm{Se}\)

Two stable ions of first transition series which have the largest number of unpaired electrons and have the highest magnetic moment are (a) \(\mathrm{Ni}^{2+}\) and \(\mathrm{Co}^{2+}\) (b) \(\mathrm{Cr}^{3+}\) and \(\mathrm{Fe}^{2+}\) (c) \(\mathrm{Fe}^{3+}\) and \(\mathrm{Mn}^{2+}\) (d) \(\mathrm{Ti}^{4+}\) and \(\mathrm{Cr}^{3+}\)

Let IP stand for ionization potential. Then element for which the value of \(\mathrm{IP}_{1}, \mathrm{IP}_{2}, \mathrm{IP}_{3}, \mathrm{IP}_{4}\) are \(50,100,250\) and \(2051 \mathrm{eV}\) respectively, is (a) \(\mathrm{Al}\) (b) \(\mathrm{Na}\) (c) \(\mathrm{Mg}\) (d) \(\mathrm{Si}\)

What is the general outer configuration of the coinage metals? (a) \(\mathrm{ns}^{2} \mathrm{np}^{6}\) (b) \((\mathrm{n}-1) \mathrm{d}^{9} \mathrm{~ns}^{2}\) (c) \((\mathrm{n}-1) \mathrm{d}^{10} \mathrm{~ns}^{1}\) (d) \((\mathrm{n}-1) \mathrm{d}^{10} \mathrm{~ns}^{2}\)

The correct order of electronegativity for \(\mathrm{O}, \mathrm{O}^{+}\)and \(\mathrm{O}^{-}\)is (a) \(\mathrm{O}^{-}>\mathrm{O}>\mathrm{O}^{+}\) (b) \(\mathrm{O}>\mathrm{O}^{+}>\mathrm{O}^{-}\) (c) \(\mathrm{O}^{+}>\mathrm{O}^{-}>\mathrm{O}\) (d) \(\mathrm{O}^{+}>\mathrm{O}>\mathrm{O}^{-}\)

Which of the following compound is both paramagnetic and coloured? (a) \(\left(\mathrm{NH}_{4}\right)_{2}\left[\mathrm{TiCl}_{6}\right]\) (b) \(\mathrm{VOSO}_{4}\) (c) \(\mathrm{K}_{2} \mathrm{Cr}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{7}\) (d) \(\mathrm{K}_{3}\left[\mathrm{Cu}(\mathrm{CN})_{4}\right]\)

The ionization potential of \(\mathrm{K}^{+}\)is \(2.4 \mathrm{eV}\). The electron affinity of \(\mathrm{K}^{+}\)will be (a) \(1.2 \mathrm{eV}\) (b) \(2.4 \mathrm{eV}\) (c) \(4.2 \mathrm{eV}\) (d) \(8.4 \mathrm{eV}\)

Let IP stand for ionization potential. The IP, and \(\mathrm{IP}_{2}\) of \(\mathrm{Mg}\) are 178 and \(348 \mathrm{kcal} \mathrm{mol}^{-1} .\) The energy required for the following reaction is \(\mathrm{Mg} \longrightarrow \mathrm{Mg}^{2+}+2 \mathrm{e}-\) (a) \(+178 \mathrm{kcal}\) (b) \(+526 \mathrm{kcal}\) (c) \(-170 \mathrm{kcal}\) (d) \(-526 \mathrm{kcal}\)

The first ionization energy in electron volts of nitrogen and oxygen atoms are respectively given by (a) \(14.6,13.6\) (b) \(13.6,14.6\) (c) \(13.6,13.6\) (d) \(14.6,14.6\)

The electronic configurations of some elements are given below. The element with highest electron affinity is (a) \(1 \mathrm{~s}^{2}, 2 \mathrm{~s}^{2}, 2 \mathrm{p}^{3}\) (b) \(1 \mathrm{~s}^{2}, 2 \mathrm{~s}^{2}, 2 \mathrm{p}^{4}\) (c) \(1 \mathrm{ls}^{2}, 2 \mathrm{~s}^{2}, 2 \mathrm{p}^{5}\) (d) \(1 \mathrm{~s}^{2}, 2 \mathrm{~s}^{2}, 2 \mathrm{p}^{2}\)

First second and third ionization potential values are \(100 \mathrm{eV}, 150 \mathrm{eV}\) and \(1500 \mathrm{eV}\). Element can be (a) \(\mathrm{Be}\) (b) \(\mathrm{B}\) (c) \(\mathrm{F}\) (d) \(\mathrm{Na}\)

Arrange \(\mathrm{P}^{3}, \mathrm{~S}^{2-}, \mathrm{H}^{-}, \mathrm{I}^{-}\)in the order of increasing ionic radii (a) \(\mathrm{P}^{3-}, \mathrm{S}^{2-}, \mathrm{I}-, \mathrm{H}^{-}\) (b) \(\mathrm{S}^{2-}, \mathrm{P}^{3-}, \mathrm{H}^{-}, \mathrm{I}^{-}\) (c) \(\mathrm{S}^{2-}, \mathrm{H}^{-}, \mathrm{P}^{3-} \mathrm{I}^{-}\) (d) \(\mathrm{H}^{-}, \mathrm{S}^{2-}, \mathrm{P}^{3-}, \mathrm{I}^{-}\)

The correct value of ionisation energies (in \(\mathrm{kJ} \mathrm{mol}^{-1}\) ) of Si, P, CI and S respectively are (a) \(786,1012,999,1256\) (b) \(1012,786,999,1256\) (c) \(786,1012,1256,999\) (d) \(786,999,1012,1256\)

In which of the following process is energy librated? (a) \(\mathrm{Cl} \longrightarrow \mathrm{Cl}^{+}+\mathrm{e}\) (b) \(\mathrm{HCl} \longrightarrow \mathrm{H}^{+}+\mathrm{Cl}^{-}\) (c) \(\mathrm{Cl}+\mathrm{e} \longrightarrow \mathrm{Cl}^{-}\) (d) \(\mathrm{O}^{-}+\mathrm{e} \longrightarrow \mathrm{O}^{2-}\)

Which of the following is mismatched with reference to third period? (a) largest size sodium (b) strongest oxidant chlorine (c) ionization potential of greater than nitrogen phosphorus (d) ionization potential of greater than sulphur phosphorus

The electron affinities of \(\mathrm{N}, \mathrm{O}, \mathrm{S}\) and \(\mathrm{Cl}\) are (a) \(\mathrm{O} \approx \mathrm{Cl}<\mathrm{N} \approx \mathrm{S}\) (b) \(\mathrm{O}<\mathrm{S}<\mathrm{Cl}<\mathrm{N}\) (c) \(\mathrm{N}<\mathrm{O}<\mathrm{S}<\mathrm{Cl}\) (d) \(\mathrm{O}<\mathrm{N}<\mathrm{Cl}<\mathrm{S}\)

The pair in which both species have iron is (a) nitrogenase, cytochromes (b) carboxypeptidase, haemoglobin (c) haemocyanin, nitrogenase (d) haemoglobin cytochromes

While moving down a group in the periodic table, which of the following would be true? (1) all the atoms have the same number of valence electrons (2) gram atomic volume increases (3) electronegativity decreases (4) metallic character decreases and the basic nature of their oxides decreases. Select the correct answer by using the following codes: (a) 1,2 and 3 (b) 2,3 and 4 (c) 2 and 3 (d) 1 and 3

Enthalpy change in the following process is \(\mathrm{M}+\mathrm{e}^{-} \longrightarrow \mathrm{M}^{-}, \Delta \mathrm{H}=\mathrm{X} \mathrm{kJ} \mathrm{mole}^{-1}\) Which of the following process have enthalpy change \(=\mathrm{X} \mathrm{kJ} \mathrm{mole}^{-1} ?\) (a) \(\mathrm{M}-\mathrm{M}+\mathrm{e}^{-}\) (b) \(\mathrm{M}^{+}+\mathrm{e}^{-} \longrightarrow \mathrm{M}\) (c) \(\mathrm{M}^{2+}+\mathrm{e}^{-} \longrightarrow \mathrm{M}^{+}\) (d) \(\mathrm{M}+\mathrm{e}^{-} \longrightarrow \mathrm{M}^{-}\)

In nitroprusside ion, the iron and NO exist as \(\mathrm{Fe}^{\mathrm{ll}}\) and NO \(^{+}\)rather than \(\mathrm{Fe}^{\mathrm{m}}\) and NO. These forms can be differentiated by (a) estimating the concentration of iron (b) measuring the concentration of \(\mathrm{CN}^{-}\) (c) measuring the solid state magnetic moment (d) thermally decomposing the compound

The formation of \(\mathrm{O}^{2-}(\mathrm{g})\) starting from \(\mathrm{O}(\mathrm{g})\) is endothermic by \(603 \mathrm{~kJ} \mathrm{~mol}^{-1}\). If electron affinity of \(\mathrm{O}(\mathrm{g}\) ) is \(-141 \mathrm{~kJ} \mathrm{~mol}^{-1}\), the second electron affinity of oxygen would be (a) \(+744 \mathrm{~kJ} \mathrm{~mol}^{-1}\) (b) \(-744 \mathrm{~kJ} \mathrm{~mol}^{-1}\) (c) \(+462 \mathrm{~kJ} \mathrm{~mol}^{-1}\) (d) \(-462 \mathrm{~kJ} \mathrm{~mol}^{-1}\)

Which of the following compounds is expected to be coloured? (a) \(\mathrm{Ag}_{2} \mathrm{SO}_{4}\) (b) \(\mathrm{CuF}_{2}\) (c) \(\mathrm{MgF}_{2}\) (d) \(\mathrm{CuCl}\)

Sum of first three ionization energies of \(\mathrm{Al}\) is \(53.0 \mathrm{eV}\) atom \(^{-1}\) and the sum of first two ionization energies of \(\mathrm{Na}\) is \(52.2 \mathrm{eV}\) atom \(^{-1}\). Out of \(\mathrm{Al}\) (III) and \(\mathrm{Na}\) (II) (a) \(\mathrm{Al}\) (III) is more stable than Na (II) (b) Na (II) is more stable than Al (III) (c) Both are equally unstable (d) Both are equally stable

The aqueous solution of the following salts will be coloured in the case of (a) \(\mathrm{Zn}\left(\mathrm{NO}_{3}\right)_{2}\) (b) \(\mathrm{LiNO}_{3}\) (c) \(\mathrm{Co}\left(\mathrm{NO}_{3}\right)_{2}\) (d) potash alum

The correct order of first ionization potential is (a) \(\mathrm{F}>\mathrm{He}>\mathrm{Mg}>\mathrm{N}>\mathrm{O}\) (b) \(\mathrm{He}>\mathrm{F}>\mathrm{N}>\mathrm{O}>\mathrm{Mg}\) (c) \(\mathrm{He}>\mathrm{O}>\mathrm{F}>\mathrm{N}>\mathrm{Mg}\) (d) \(\mathrm{O}>\mathrm{F}>\mathrm{He}>\mathrm{N}>\mathrm{Mg}\)

The correct ground state electronic configuration for the atom \((\mathrm{Z}=24)\) is (a) \([\mathrm{Ar}] 3 \mathrm{~d}^{5} 4 \mathrm{~s}^{1}\) (b) \([\mathrm{Ar}] 3 \mathrm{~d}^{4} 4 \mathrm{~s}^{2}\) (c) \([\mathrm{Ar}] 3 \mathrm{~d}^{6} 4 \mathrm{~s}^{0}\) (d) \([\mathrm{Ar}] 3 \mathrm{~d}^{5} 4 \mathrm{~s}^{2}\)

The correct order of first ionization potential is (a) \(\mathrm{F}>\mathrm{He}>\mathrm{Mg}>\mathrm{N}>\mathrm{O}\) (b) \(\mathrm{He}>\mathrm{F}>\mathrm{N}>\mathrm{O}>\mathrm{Mg}\) (c) \(\mathrm{He}>\mathrm{O}>\mathrm{F}>\mathrm{N}>\mathrm{Mg}\) (d) \(\mathrm{O}>\mathrm{F}>\mathrm{He}>\mathrm{N}>\mathrm{Mg}\)

How many unpaired electrons are present in \(\mathrm{Ni}^{2+}\) ? (a) 8 (b) 4 (c) 2 (d) 0

Zinc-copper couple that can be used as a reducing agent is obtained by (a) zinc coated with copper (b) zinc and copper wires welded together (c) mixing zinc dust and copper gauze (d) copper coated with zinc

The pair of which salts is expected to have the same colour in their freshly prepared aqueous solutions. (a) \(\mathrm{VOCl}_{2}, \mathrm{CuCl}_{2}\) (b) \(\mathrm{CuCl}_{2}, \mathrm{FeCl}_{2}\) (c) \(\mathrm{FeCl}_{2}, \mathrm{VOCl}_{2}^{-}\) (d) \(\mathrm{MnCl}_{2}, \mathrm{FeCl}_{2}\)

The first, second, third and fourth ionization energies of a given element are \(0.80,2.43,3.66\) and \(25.03 \mathrm{~kJ}\) \(\mathrm{mol}^{-1}\) respectively. The element is (a) boron (b) carbon (c) aluminium (d) nitrogen

Which of the following arrangements show the correct order of increasing lattice energy? (a) \(\mathrm{BaSO}_{4}<\mathrm{SrSO}_{4}<\mathrm{CaSO}_{4}<\mathrm{MgSO}_{4}\) (b) \(\mathrm{MgCO}_{3}<\mathrm{CaCO}_{3}<\mathrm{SrCO}_{3}<\mathrm{BaCO}_{3}\) (c) \(\mathrm{LiF}<\mathrm{LiCl}<\mathrm{LiBr}<\mathrm{Lil}\) (d) \(\mathrm{NaF}<\mathrm{KF}<\mathrm{RbF}<\mathrm{CsF}\)

Correct order of ionization energy among the elements \(\mathrm{Be}, \mathrm{B}, \mathrm{C}, \mathrm{N}, \mathrm{O}\) is (a) \(\mathrm{B}<\mathrm{Be}<\mathrm{C}<\mathrm{O}<\mathrm{N}\) (b) \(\mathrm{B}<\mathrm{Be}<\mathrm{C}<\mathrm{N}<\mathrm{O}\) (c) \(\mathrm{Be}<\mathrm{B}<\mathrm{C}<\mathrm{N}<\mathrm{O}\) (d) \(\mathrm{Be}<\mathrm{B}<\mathrm{O}<\mathrm{N}<\mathrm{C}\)

Which of the following orders is incorrect? (a) \(\mathrm{NH}_{3}<\mathrm{PH}_{3}<\mathrm{AsH}_{3} \longrightarrow\) acidic nature. (b) \(\mathrm{Li}<\mathrm{Be}<\mathrm{B}<\mathrm{C} \longrightarrow\) first ionization energy (c) \(\mathrm{Al}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{3}>\mathrm{MgO}<\mathrm{Na}_{2} \mathrm{O}<\mathrm{K}_{2} \mathrm{O} \longrightarrow\) basic nature. (d) \(\mathrm{Li}^{+}<\mathrm{Na}^{+}<\mathrm{K}^{+}<\mathrm{Cs}^{+} \longrightarrow\) ionic radius

The ions \(\mathrm{O}^{2-}, \mathrm{F}^{-}, \mathrm{Na}^{+}, \mathrm{Mg}^{2+}\) and \(\mathrm{Al}^{3+}\) are isoelectronic. Their ionic radii show: (a) an increase from \(\mathrm{O}^{2-}\) to \(\mathrm{F}^{-}\)and then decrease from \(\mathrm{Na}^{+}\)to \(\mathrm{Al}^{3+}\) (b) an decrease from \(\mathrm{O}^{2-}\) to \(\mathrm{F}^{-}\)and then increase from \(\mathrm{Na}^{+}\)to \(\mathrm{Al}^{3+}\) (c) a significant increase from \(\mathrm{O}^{2-}\) to \(\mathrm{Al}^{3+}\) (d) a significant decrease from \(\mathrm{O}^{2-}\) to \(\mathrm{Al}^{3+}\)

Which of the following statements are correct? (a) HF is a stronger acid than HCl. (b) among halide ions, iodide is the most powerful reducing agent. (c) fluorine is the only halogen that does not show a variable oxidation state. (d) HOCl is a stronger acid than HOBr. (a) 2 and 4 (b) 2 and 3 (c) 1,2 and 3 (d) 2,3 and 4

Four successive members of the first row transition elements are listed below with their atomic numbers. Which one of them is expected to have the highest third ionization energy? (a) iron \((Z=26)\) (b) vanadium \((Z=23)\) (c) manganese \((Z=25)\) (d) chromium \((Z=24)\)