Chapter 20

Which of the following is a simple form of movement? (a) Streaming of protoplasm in amoeba (b) Ciliary movement in paramecium (c) Flagellar movement in Euglena (d) All of these

The movement which results in a change of place or location is known as (a) Contraction (b) Adduction (c) Abduction (d) Locomotion

Select the correct matching: Column I A. Paramecium B. Hydra C. Human Column II 1\. Cilia 2\. Tentacles 3\. Limbs Column III X. Movement of food through cytopharynx and locomotion. Y. Capturing of prey and for locomotion. Z. Changes in body posture and for locomotion. (a) \(\mathrm{A}-1-\mathrm{X}, \mathrm{B}-2-\mathrm{Y}, \mathrm{C}-3-\mathrm{Z}\) (b) \(\mathrm{A}-1-\mathrm{Z}, \mathrm{B}-3-\mathrm{X}, \mathrm{C}-2-\mathrm{Y}\) (c) \(\mathrm{A}-3-\mathrm{Z}, \mathrm{B}-1-\mathrm{X}, \mathrm{C}-2-\mathrm{Y}\) (d) \(\mathrm{A}-2-\mathrm{Y}, \mathrm{B}-3-\mathrm{X}, \mathrm{C}-1-\mathrm{Z}\)

Select the incorrect statement? (a) Plant and animal both exhibit movement. (b) All locomotion are movement but all movement are not locomotion. (c) Methods of locomotion performed by animals with their habitats and the demand of the situation. (d) None of the above

Locomotion is used for (A) Search of food and shelter (B) Search for mate (C) Search for suitable breeding ground (D) Escaping from enemies/Predators (a) All except B (b) All except C (c) All except D (d) All of these

Which is the movement exhibited by the cell of a human body? (a) Amoeboid (b) Ciliary (c) Fagellar (d) All of these

Which of the following cells exhibit amoeboid movement? (a) Macrophages (b) Leucocytes (c) \(\mathrm{RBC}\) (d) Both (a) and (b)

Which of the following is correct about pseudopodia? (a) Formed by streaming of protoplasm (b) Formed in amoeba and neutrophile (c) Both (a) and (b) (d) None of these

Which of the following is involved in amoeboid movement? (a) Centriole (b) Cilia (c) Flagella (d) Microfilament

Which of the following organs is lined with cilia? (a) Fallopian tube (b) Trachea (c) Intestine (d) Both (a) and (b)

Locomotion requires a perfect coordinated activity of (a) Muscular system (b) Skeletal system (c) Neural system (d) All of these

Muscle is derived from (a) Mesoderm (b) Ectoderm (c) Endoderm (d) All of these

Muscles are characterized by (a) Excitability and contractility (b) Extensibility (c) Elasticity (d) All of these

Muscles can be classified on which of the following criterion? (a) Location (b) Appearance (c) Nature of regulation of their activities (d) All of these

How many types of muscles can be identified depending upon the location? (a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 4

Which of the following is incorrect about skeletal muscles? (a) Striped appearance under microscope hence called striated muscle. (b) They are voluntary muscles. (c) Primarily involved in locomotory actions and changes the body postures. (d) They are Involuntary muscles.

Which of the following is incorrect about visceral muscles? (a) Non-striated muscle (Smooth muscle) (b) Involuntary muscle (c) Located in inner walls of hollow visceral organs of the body (d) They are under in voluntary control

Smooth muscles help in (a) Transportation of food through the digestive tract (b) Transfer of gametes through genital tract (c) Micturition by urinary bladder (d) All the above

Cardiac muscle is characterized by (a) Striated appearance (b) Involuntary control (c) Branching pattern (d) All of these

Which muscle is not under direct control of nervous system? (a) Skeletal (Striated muscles) (b) Smooth (Non-striated muscles) (c) Cardiac muscles (d) All of these

Muscle fibre is a (a) Anatomical unit of muscle (b) Physiological unit of muscle (c) Biochemical unit of muscle (d) None of these

Each organized skeletal muscle in our body is made up of a number of muscle bundles or fascicles held together by a common collagenous connective tissue layer called (a) Tunicine (b) Fascia (c) Pellicle (d) Capsule

Select the correct matching from the following: (a) Plasma membrane of muscle fibres Sarcolemma (b) Cytoplasm of muscle fibres \(-\) Sarcoplasm (c) Endoplasmic reticulum of muscle fibres \(-\) Sarcoplasmic reticulum (d) All the above

Sarcoplasmic reticulum is a storehouse of which ion (a) \(\mathrm{Ca}^{2+}\) (b) \(\mathrm{Na}^{+}\) (c) \(\mathrm{K}^{+}\) (d) \(\mathrm{Fe}^{2+}\)

Sarcolemma is a membrane found over (a) Nerve fibre (b) Cardiac muscle (c) Skeletal muscle fibre (d) Heart

The functional unit of the contractile system in the striped muscle is (a) Z-band (b) A-band (c) Myofibril (d) Sarcomere

Contraction of a muscle is caused by (a) Myosin (b) Actin (c) ATP (d) Actomyosin

The dark bands (A-bands) of a skeletal muscle are known as (a) Isotropic bands (b) Anisotropic bands (c) Intercalated disc (d) Cross bridges

The light bands (I-bands) of a skeletal muscles are known as (a) Isotropic bands (b) Anisotropic bands (c) Intercalated disc (d) Cross bridges

Ciliary muscles are found in (a) Diaphragm of a mammal (b) Eyes of vertebrates (c) Heart of vertebrates (d) Stomach of frog

Intercostal muscles are found in (a) Fingers (b) Thoracic ribs (c) Femur (d) Radius-ulna

The special contractile protein actin is found in (a) Thick filaments of A-bands (b) Thin filaments of I-bands (c) Both thick and thin bands (d) Whole of myofibril

Striped muscles have (a) One nucleus (b) Many nuclei (c) Two nuclei (d) No nuclei

Contractile fibrils of muscles are called (a) Neurofibrils (b) Collagen fibres (c) Myofibrils (d) Elastin

Myofibrils show alternate dark and light bands in (a) Cardiac muscles (b) Smooth muscles (c) Skeletal muscles (d) Both (a) and (c)

Select the correct statement: (a) A-band is made up of thick myosin filament. (b) H-zone is present in the middle of A-band. (c) Actin and myosin are polymerized protein with contractility. (d) All the above

Match the columns: Column I (A) Inflammation of joints (B) Protein of thick filament (C) Protein of thin filament (D) The central part of thick filament is not overlapped by thin filament Column II (1) H-zone (2) Myosin (3) Actin (4) Arthritis (a) A-1, B-2, C-3, D - 4 (b) \(\mathrm{A}-1, \mathrm{~B}-3, \mathrm{C}-2, \mathrm{D}-4\) (c) A \(-4, \mathrm{~B}-1, \mathrm{C}-2, \mathrm{D}-3\) (d) \(\mathrm{A}-4, \mathrm{~B}-2, \mathrm{C}-3, \mathrm{D}-1\)

Which of the following statements about the striated muscles is false? 1\. Thick filaments in the 'A' band are also held together in the middle of this band by a thin fibrous membrane called ' M' line. 2\. In the centre of each 'I' band is an elastic fibre called ' \(Z\) ' line which bisects it. 3\. The thin filaments are firmly attached to the ' \(Z\) 'line. 4\. This central part of thick filament, not overlapped by thin filaments is called the ' \(\mathrm{H}^{\text {' }}\) zone. (a) All of these (b) Only 2 (c) 1 and 4 only (d) None of these

Which of the following statements about the molecular arrangement of actin in myofibrils is incorrect? 1\. Each actin (thin) filament is made of two ' \(\mathrm{F}\) ' (filamentous) actins helically wound to each other. 2\. Each ' \(\mathrm{F}\) ' actin is a polymer of monomeric ' \(\mathrm{G}\) ' (Globular) actins. 3\. Two filaments of another protein, tropomyosin also runs close to the 'F' actins throughout its length. 4\. A complex protein troponin is distributed at regular intervals on the tropomyosin. (a) 1 and 2 only (b) 3 only (c) Only 4 (d) None of these

Select the total number of true statements from the following. 1\. Each myosin (thick) filament is also a polymerized protein. 2\. Many monomeric proteins called meromyosins constitute one thick filament. 3\. Each meromyosin has two important parts, a globular head with a short arm and a tail, the former being called the heavy meromyosin (HMM) and the latter is called the light meromyosin (LMM). 4\. The HMM component, i.e., the head and short arm projects outwards at regular distance and angle from each other from the surface of a polymerized myosin filament and is known as cross arm. 5\. The globular head is an active ATPase enzyme and has binding sites for ATP and active sites for actin. (a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 4 (d) 5

Binding of \(\mathrm{Ca}^{2+}\) with \(\quad\) in the skeletal muscles and leads to the exposure of the binding site for \(\quad\) on the filament (a) Troponin, myosin, actin (b) Troponin, actin, relaxin (c) Actin, myosin, troponin (d) Tropomyosin, myosis, actin

Mechanism of muscle contraction is best explained by (a) All or no law (b) Sliding filament theory (c) Blackman's law (d) All of these

ATP provides energy for muscle contraction by allowing for (a) An action potential formation in the muscle cell. (b) Cross-bridge detachment of myosin from actin. (c) Cross-bridge attachment of myosin to actin. (d) Release of \(\mathrm{Ca}^{2+}\) from sarcoplasmic reticulum.

A motor unit is best described as (a) All the nerve fibres and muscle fibres in a single muscle bundle. (b) One muscle fibre and its single nerve fibre. (c) A single motor neuron and all the muscle fibres that it innervates. (d) As the neuron which carries the message from muscles to CNS.

Motor end plate is a (a) Neuromuscular junction (b) Plate of motor neuron (c) Dendron of motor neuron (d) Gradient of protein motive force

During muscle contraction, (a) Chemical energy is changed into electrical energy (b) Chemical energy is changed into mechanical energy (c) Chemical energy is changed into physical energy (d) Mechanical energy is changed into chemical energy

Electron microscopic studies of the sarcomeres have revealed that during muscle contraction (a) The width of \(\mathrm{A}\) -band remains constant (b) The width of the \(\mathrm{H}\) -zone increases (c) The width of I-band increases (d) The diameter of the fibre increases

According to the sliding filament theory (a) Actin (thin filament) moves over myosin (thick filament) (b) Myosin moves over actin (c) Both myosin and actin move on each other (d) None of the above

Put the following statement in proper order to describe muscle contraction. 1\. Signal sent by CNS via motor neuron. 2\. Generation of action potential in the sarcolemma. 3\. Release of \(\mathrm{Ca}^{+2}\) from sarcoplasmic reticulum. 4\. The neurotransmitter acetycholine released motor endplate. 5\. Sarcomere shorterns. (a) \(1 \rightarrow 2 \rightarrow 4 \rightarrow 3 \rightarrow 5\) (b) \(1 \rightarrow 4 \rightarrow 2 \rightarrow 3 \rightarrow 5\) (c) \(1 \rightarrow 4 \rightarrow 3 \rightarrow 2 \rightarrow 5\) (d) \(5 \rightarrow 4 \rightarrow 3 \rightarrow 2 \rightarrow 1\)

Relaxation of muscle is due to the (a) Pumping of \(\mathrm{Ca}^{+2}\) into sarcoplasmic cisternae (b) Presence of ATP (c) Conformational change in troponin and masking of actin filaments (d) Both (a) and (c)