Chapter 17

The process of exchange of \(\mathrm{O}_{2}\) from the atmosphere with \(\mathrm{CO}_{2}\) produced by the cell is called (a) Cellular respiration (b) Breathing (c) Ventilation (d) Perfusion

The harmful gas produced by catabolic reaction in our body is (a) Oxygen (b) Carbon dioxide (c) Phosphine (d) Ozone

Mechanisms of breathing vary among different groups of animals depending mainly on their and (a) Habitats (b) Levels of organization (c) Both (a) and (b) (d) None of these

In which of the following, gaseous exchange between \(\mathrm{O}_{2}\) and \(\mathrm{CO}_{2}\) occurs through the entire body surface? (a) Sponges (b) Flatworms (c) Coelenterates (d) All of these

Select the total number of organism from the following which respire through their body surface. Sycon, Spongilla, Admsia, Taenia, Laccifer, Pila, Antedon, Gorgonia, Jelly fish (a) 4 (b) 5 (c) 6 (d) 8

In which of the following skin serves as an accessory organ of respiration? (a) Rabbit (b) Frog (c) Lizards (d) Birds

Amphibians, e.g., frogs respire through (a) Moist skin (b) Lungs (c) Buccopharyngeal cavity (d) All of these

The adult frog does not respire through (a) Buccopharyngeal cavity (b) Gills (c) Skin (d) Lungs

Which is the correct sequence of the air passage in man? (a) Nasal cavity \(\rightarrow\) pharyn \(\mathrm{x} \rightarrow\) trachea \(\rightarrow\) laryn \(\mathrm{x} \rightarrow\) bronchi \(\rightarrow\) bronchioles \(\rightarrow\) alveoli (b) Nasal cavity \(\rightarrow\) pharyn \(\mathrm{x} \rightarrow\) larynx \(\rightarrow\) trachea \(\rightarrow\) bronchi \(\rightarrow\) bronchioles \(\rightarrow\) alveoli (c) Nasal cavity \(\rightarrow\) laryn \(\mathrm{x} \rightarrow\) pharynx \(\rightarrow\) trachea \(\rightarrow\) bronchi \(\rightarrow\) bronchioles \(\rightarrow\) alveoli (d) Nasal cavity \(\rightarrow\) laryn \(\mathrm{x} \rightarrow\) bronchi \(\rightarrow\) pharyn \(\mathrm{x} \rightarrow\) trachea \(\rightarrow\) bronchioles \(\rightarrow\) alveoli

In mammals, voice is produced by (a) Bronchus (b) Syrinx (c) Larynx (d) Inhalation and exhalation

Vocal cords occur in (a) Pharynx (b) Larynx (c) Glottis (d) Bronchial tube

Trachea divides into right and left primary bronchi at the thoracic vertebra. (a) 4 (b) 5 (c) 6 (d) 9

Opening of larynx into pharynx is guarded by (a) Syrinx (b) Epiglottis (c) Tracheal valves (d) All of these

Glottis is a passage for (a) Food (b) air (c) Both (a) and (b) (d) None of these

Glottis is an opening in the floor of (a) Mouth (b) Trachea (c) Pharynx (d) Diaphragm

The Lungs are protected with the help of? (a) Ribs (b) Vertebral column (c) Sternum (d) All of these

Which one has the smallest diameter? (a) Right bronchus (b) Left bronchus (c) Secondary bronchiole (d) Respiratory bronchiole

Lining of trachea is made of (a) Simple squamous epithelium (b) Simple cuboidal epithelium (c) Pseudostratified epithelium (d) Stratified cuboidal epithelium

Each terminal bronchiole gives rise to a number of very thin, irregular walled and vascularized bag like structures called (a) Alveoli (b) Respiratory bronchioles (c) Pleura (d) Follicles

Epiglottis is made up of (a) Fibrous cartilage (b) Hyaline cartilage (c) Elastic cartilage (d) Calcified cartilage

Covering of the lungs is called (a) Perichondrium (b) Pleural membrane (c) Pericardium (d) Peritoneum

Read the following statements: A. It is double layered and covers the lungs. B. Outer layer is in contact with thoracic wall. C. Fluid is present between these layers. D. Inner layer is in contact with the lungs. The above features refer to (a) Pericardium (b) Peritoneum (c) Perichondrium (d) Pleura

The part starting with the external nostrils up to the terminal bronchioles constitute the (a) Respiratory part of respiratory system (b) Exchange part of respiratory system (c) Expiratory part (d) Conducting part of respiratory system

Respiratory or exchange part of the respiratory system consists of (a) All bronchi (b) All bronchioles (c) All bronchi and terminal bronchioles (d) Alveoli and their ducts

Sites of gaseous exchange in lungs are (a) Alveoli (b) Bronchi (c) Bronchioles (d) Pleura

Sites of gaseous exchange in lungs are (a) Alveoli (b) Bronchi (c) Bronchioles (d) Pleura

Which of the following are functions of conducting part of the respiratory system? (a) Removal of foreign particles from incoming air. (b) Humidifies incoming air (c) Bring the temperature of incoming air to body temperature. (d) All the above

is the site of actual diffusion of \(\mathrm{O}_{2}\) and \(\mathrm{CO}_{2}\) between blood and atmospheric air. (a) All bronchi (b) All bronchioles (c) All bronchi and terminal bronchioles (d) Alveoli and their ducts

Even when air being absent, the human trachea does not collapse due to the presence of (a) Bony rings (b) Turgid pressure (c) Chitinous rings (d) Cartilaginous rings

The chambers formed dorsally by the vertebral column, ventrally by sternum, laterally by ribs and on the lower side by dome-shaped diaphragm is(a) Abdominal chamber (b) Cranial chamber (c) Pelvic chamber (d) Thoracic chamber

Select the incorrect statement from the following: (a) Pleural fluid reduces friction on the lung surface. (b) The anatomical setup of lungs in thorax is such that any change in the volume of the thoracic cavity will be reflected in the lung (pulmonary) cavity. Such an arrangement is essential for breathing, as we cannot directly alter the pulmonary volume. (c) The tracheae, primary, secondary and tertiary bronchi and initial bronchioles are supported by complete cartilaginous rings. (d) During swallowing, the glottis can be covered by a thin elastic cartilaginous flap called epiglottis to prevent the entry of food into the larynx.

Select the incorrect statement from the following: (a) Pleural fluid reduces friction on the lung surface. (b) The anatomical setup of lungs in thorax is such that any change in the volume of the thoracic cavity will be reflected in the lung (pulmonary) cavity. Such an arrangement is essential for breathing, as we cannot directly alter the pulmonary volume. (c) The tracheae, primary, secondary and tertiary bronchi and initial bronchioles are supported by complete cartilaginous rings. (d) During swallowing, the glottis can be covered by a thin elastic cartilaginous flap called epiglottis to prevent the entry of food into the larynx.

During inspiration, the diaphragm (a) Relaxes to become dome-shaped (b) Contracts and flattens (c) Expands (d) Shows no change

Expiration involves (a) Relaxation of diaphragm and intercostals muscles (b) Contraction of diaphragm and intercostals muscles (c) Contraction of diaphragm muscles (d) Contraction of intercostals muscles

Which two of the following changes (a to d) usually tend to occur in plain dwellers when they move to higher altitudes ( \(3500 \mathrm{~m}\) or more) (i) Increase in red blood cell size (ii) Increase in red blood cell production (iii) Increase in breathing rate (iv) Increase in thrombocyte count (a) Both (iii) and (iv) (b) Both (i) and (iv) (c) Both (iii) and (i) (d) Both (ii) and (iii)

Which two of the following changes (a to d) usually tend to occur in plain dwellers when they move to higher altitudes ( \(3500 \mathrm{~m}\) or more) (i) Increase in red blood cell size (ii) Increase in red blood cell production (iii) Increase in breathing rate (iv) Increase in thrombocyte count (a) Both (iii) and (iv) (b) Both (i) and (iv) (c) Both (iii) and (i) (d) Both (ii) and (iii)

Arrange the following steps of respiration properly: 1\. Breathing or pulmonary ventilation by which atmospheric air is drawn in and \(\mathrm{CO}_{2}\) rich alveolar air is released out. 2\. Diffusion of gases \(\left(\mathrm{O}_{2}\right.\) and \(\mathrm{CO}_{2}\) ) across alveolar membrane. 3\. Transport of gases by the blood. 4\. Diffusion of \(\mathrm{O}_{2}\) and \(\mathrm{CO}_{2}\) between blood and tissues. 5\. Utilization of \(\mathrm{O}_{2}\), by the cells for catabolic reactions and resultant release of \(\mathrm{CO}_{2}\). (a) \(1,2,3,4,5\) (b) \(1,3,2,5,4\) (c) \(5,4,3,1,2\) (d) \(3,4,5,2,1\)

Arrange the following steps of respiration properly: 1\. Breathing or pulmonary ventilation by which atmospheric air is drawn in and \(\mathrm{CO}_{2}\) rich alveolar air is released out. 2\. Diffusion of gases \(\left(\mathrm{O}_{2}\right.\) and \(\mathrm{CO}_{2}\) ) across alveolar membrane. 3\. Transport of gases by the blood. 4\. Diffusion of \(\mathrm{O}_{2}\) and \(\mathrm{CO}_{2}\) between blood and tissues. 5\. Utilization of \(\mathrm{O}_{2}\), by the cells for catabolic reactions and resultant release of \(\mathrm{CO}_{2}\). (a) \(1,2,3,4,5\) (b) \(1,3,2,5,4\) (c) \(5,4,3,1,2\) (d) \(3,4,5,2,1\)

Gaseous exchange between blood and alveolar air across respiratory membrane occurs by (a) Osmosis (b) Diffusion (c) Active transport (d) Phagocytosis

On an average, a healthy human breathes how many times/minute (a) 20 to 40 (b) 72 to 75 (c) 3 to 5 (d) 12 to 16

We can increase the strength of inspiration and expiration by the help of additional muscle in (a) Abdomen (b) Neck (c) Pelvis (d) Head

Match the following: 1\. Tidal volume - A. Tidal volume and inspiratory reserve volume and expiratory reserve volume. 2\. Inspiratory reserve volume B. Additional volume of air a person can inspire by a forcible inspiration. 3\. Expiratory reserve volume - C. Volume of air remaining in the lungs even after a forcible expiration. 4\. Residual volume - D. Tidal volume and inspiratory reserve volume. 5\. Inspiratory reserve capacity E. Volume of air inspirited or expired during a normal respiration. 6\. Vital capacity - F. Vital capacity \(+\) residual volume 7\. Total lung capacity - G. Additional volume of air a person can expire by a forcible expiration. (a) \(1-\mathrm{E}, 2-\mathrm{C}, 3-\mathrm{B}, 4-\mathrm{G}, 5-\mathrm{D}, 6-\mathrm{A}, 7-\mathrm{F}\) (b) \(1-\mathrm{E}, 2-\mathrm{G}, 3-\mathrm{B}, 4-\mathrm{C}, 5-\mathrm{A}, 6-\mathrm{D}, 7-\mathrm{F}\) (c) \(1-\mathrm{E}, 2-\mathrm{C}, 3-\mathrm{G}, 4-\mathrm{B}, 5-\mathrm{D}, 6-\mathrm{A}, 7-\mathrm{F}\) (d) \(1-\mathrm{E}, 2-\mathrm{B}, 3-\mathrm{G}, 4-\mathrm{C}, 5-\mathrm{D}, 6-\mathrm{A}, 7-\mathrm{F}\)

Match the following: 1\. Tidal Volume - A. \(2500-3000 \mathrm{ml}\) of air 2\. Inspiratory reserve volume B. \(1000-1100 \mathrm{ml}\) of air 3\. Expiratory reserve volume C. \(500 \mathrm{ml}\) of air 4\. Residual volume D. \(3500-4600 \mathrm{ml}\) of air 5\. Vital capacity - E. \(1100-1200 \mathrm{ml}\) of air (a) \(1-\mathrm{C}, 2-\mathrm{D}, 3-\mathrm{B}, 4-\mathrm{A}, 5-\mathrm{E}\) (b) \(1-\mathrm{C}, 2-\mathrm{A}, 3-\mathrm{B}, 4-\mathrm{E}, 5-\mathrm{D}\) (c) \(1-\mathrm{C}, 2-\mathrm{A}, 3-\mathrm{D}, 4-\mathrm{E}, 5-\mathrm{B}\) (d) \(1-\mathrm{E}, 2-\mathrm{A}, 3-\mathrm{B}, 4-\mathrm{E}, 5-\mathrm{D}\)

Total lung capacity is equal to (a) \(\mathrm{ERV}+\mathrm{TV}\) (b) IRV+ TV (c) \(\mathrm{VC}+\mathrm{RV}\) (d) ERV + TV + IRV

Vital capacity is equal to (a) \(\mathrm{ERV}+\mathrm{TV}\) (b) IRV+ TV (c) VC + RV (d) ERV + TV + IRV

\(\mathrm{EC}\) (expiratory capacity) is equal to (a) \(\mathrm{ERV}+\mathrm{TV}\) (b) IRV+ TV (c) \(\mathrm{VC}+\mathrm{RV}\) (d) ERV + TV + IRV

IC (Inspiratory capacity) is equal to (a) ERV + TV (b) IRV+TV (c) VC + RV (d) \(\mathrm{ERV}+\mathrm{TV}+\mathrm{IRV}\)

Arrange the following in the order of increasing volume 1\. Tidal volume 2\. Residual volume 3\. Expiratory reserve volume 4\. Inspiratory reserve volume (a) \(1<2<3<4\) (b) \(1<4<3<2\) (c) \(1<3<2<4\) (d) \(1<4<2<3\)

The largest quantity of air that can be expired after a maximum inspiratory effort is (a) Residual volume (b) Tidal volume (c) Vital capacity (d) Total lung volume

The vital capacity of adult human lungs is equal to (a) The maximum volume of air a person can breathe out after a forced inspiration. (b) The maximum volume of air a person can breathe in after a forced expiration. (c) \(\mathrm{ERV}+\mathrm{TV}+\mathrm{IRV}\) (d) All of these