Animal Reproduction and Development

Figure 43.17  Which of the following statements about the menstrual cycle is false? a. Progesterone levels rise during the luteal phase of the ovarian cycle and the secretory phase of the uterine cycle. b. Menstruation occurs just after LH and FSH levels peak. c. Menstruation occurs after progesterone levels drop. d. Estrogen levels rise before ovulation, while progesterone levels rise after. 

Which form of reproduction can result from damage to the original animal? 

a. asexual b. fragmentation c. budding d. parthenogenesis 

Genetically unique individuals are produced through ________. a. sexual reproduction b. parthenogenesis c. budding d. fragmentation 

Which term applies to egg development within the female with nourishment derived from a yolk? 

a. oviparity b. viviparity c. ovoviparity d. ovovoparity 

Which term applies to egg development outside the female with nourishment derived from a yolk? a. oviparity b. viviparity c. ovoviparity d. ovovoparity 

Sperm are produced in the ________. a. scrotum b. seminal vesicles c. seminiferous tubules d. prostate gland 

Most of the bulk of semen is made by the ________. a. scrotum b. seminal vesicles c. seminiferous tubules d. prostate gland 

Which of the following cells in spermatogenesis is diploid?

 a. primary spermatocyte b. secondary spermatocyte c. spermatid d. sperm 

Which female organ has the same embryonic origin as the penis?

a. clitoris b. labia majora c. greater vestibular glands d. vagina 

Which female organ has an endometrial lining that will support a developing baby?

a. labia minora b. breast c. ovaries d. uterus 

How many eggs are produced as a result of one meiotic series of cell divisions? 

a. one b. two c. three d. four 

Which hormone causes Leydig cells to make testosterone? a. FSH b. LH c. inhibin d. estrogen 

Which hormone causes FSH and LH to be released? 

a. testosterone b. estrogen c. GnRH d. progesterone 

Which hormone signals ovulation? a. FSH b. LH c. inhibin d. estrogen 

Which hormone causes the regrowth of the endometrial lining of the uterus? 

a. testosterone b. estrogen c. GnRH d. progesterone 

Nutrient and waste requirements for the developing fetus are handled during the first few weeks by: a. the placenta b. diffusion through the endometrium c. the chorion d. the blastocyst 

Progesterone is made during the third trimester by the: a. placenta b. endometrial lining c. chorion d. corpus luteum 

Which contraceptive method is 100 percent effective at preventing pregnancy? a. condom b. oral hormonal methods c. sterilization d. abstinence 

Which type of short term contraceptive method is generally more effective than others? a. barrier b. hormonal c. natural family planning d. withdrawal 

Which hormone is primarily responsible for the contractions during labor? a. oxytocin b. estrogen c. β-HCG d. progesterone 

Major organs begin to develop during which part of human gestation? 

a. fertilization b. first trimester c. second trimester d. third trimester 

Which of the following is false? a. The endoderm, mesoderm, ectoderm are germ layers. b. The trophoblast is a germ layer. c. The inner cell mass is a source of embryonic stem cells. d. The blastula is often a hollow ball of cells. 

During cleavage, the mass of cells: a. increases b. decreases c. doubles with every cell division d. does not change significantly 

Which of the following gives rise to the skin cells? a. ectoderm b. endoderm c. mesoderm d. none of the above 

. The ribs form from the ________. a. notochord b. neural plate c. neural tube d. somites 

Why is sexual reproduction useful if only half the animals can produce offspring and two separate cells must be combined to form a third? 

What determines which sex will result in offspring of birds and mammals? 

What are the advantages and disadvantages of external and internal forms of fertilization? 

Why would paired external fertilization be preferable to group spawning? 

Describe the phases of the human sexual response. 

Compare spermatogenesis and oogenesis as to timing of the processes and the number and type of cells finally produced. 

If male reproductive pathways are not cyclical, how are they controlled? 

Describe the events in the ovarian cycle leading up to ovulation. 

Describe the major developments during each trimester of human gestation. 

Describe the stages of labor. 

What do you think would happen if multiple sperm fused with one egg? 

Why do mammalian eggs have a small concentration of yolk, while bird and reptile eggs have a large concentration of yolk? 

Explain how the different germ layers give rise to different tissue types.

Explain the role of axis formation in development.