Animal Nutrition and the Digestive System

  Which of the following statements about the digestive system is false?

 a. Chyme is a mixture of food and digestive juices that is produced in the stomach.

 b. Food enters the large intestine before the small intestine.

 c. In the small intestine, chyme mixes with bile, which emulsifies fats. 

d. The stomach is separated from the small intestine by the pyloric sphincter.

 Which of the following statements about the small intestine is false?

 a. Absorptive cells that line the small intestine have microvilli, small projections that increase surface area and aid in the absorption of food.

 b. The inside of the small intestine has many folds, called villi. 

c. Microvilli are lined with blood vessels as well as lymphatic vessels. 

d. The inside of the small intestine is called the lumen.

Which of the following statements about digestive processes is true? 

a. Amylase, maltase, and lactase in the mouth digest carbohydrates. 

b. Trypsin and lipase in the stomach digest protein.

 c. Bile emulsifies lipids in the small intestine.

 d. No food is absorbed until the small intestine.

Which of the following is a pseudo-ruminant? 

a. cow

 b. pig

 c. crow 

d. horse 

Which of the following statements is untrue?

 a. Roughage takes a long time to digest.

 b. Birds eat large quantities at one time so that they can fly long distances. 

c. Cows do not have upper teeth.

 d. In pseudo-ruminants, roughage is digested in the cecum

The acidic nature of chyme is neutralized by ________. 

a. potassium hydroxide 

b. sodium hydroxide 

c. bicarbonates 

d. vinegar 

The digestive juices from the liver are delivered to the ________. 

a. stomach 

b. liver 

c. duodenum 

d. colon 

A scientist dissects a new species of animal. If the animal’s digestive system has a single stomach with an extended small intestine, to which animal could the dissected specimen be closely related? 

a. lion 

b. snowshoe hare 

c. earthworm 

d. eagle 

Which of the following statements is not true? 

a. Essential nutrients can be synthesized by the body. 

b. Vitamins are required in small quantities for bodily function. 

c. Some amino acids can be synthesized by the body, while others need to be obtained from the diet. 

d. Vitamins come in two categories: fat-soluble and water-soluble. 

What is the primary fuel of the body? 

a. Carbohydrates 

b. Lipids 

c. Proteins

d. Glycogen 

Excess glucose is stored as ________.

a. fat

b. glucagon

c. glycogen

d. it is not stored in the body

Many distance runners “carb load” the day before a big

race. How does this eating strategy provide an

advantage to the runner?

a. The carbohydrates cause the release of insulin.

b. The excess carbohydrates are converted to fats,

which have a higher calorie density.

c. The glucose from the carbohydrates lets the muscles

make excess ATP overnight.

d. The excess carbohydrates can be stored in the

muscles as glycogen

Where does the majority of protein digestion take place?

a. stomach

b. duodenum

c. mouth

d. jejunum

Lipases are enzymes that breakdown ________.

a. disaccharides

b. lipids

c. proteins

d. cellulose

Which of the following conditions is most likely to cause constipation? 

a. bacterial infection 

b. dehydration 

c. ulcer 

d. excessive cellulose consumption 

Which hormone controls the release of bile from the gallbladder 

a. pepsin 

b. amylase 

c. CCK 

d. gastrin 

Which hormone stops acid secretion in the stomach? 

a. gastrin 

b. somatostatin 

c. gastric inhibitory peptide 

d. CCK 

In the famous conditioning experiment, Pavlov demonstrated that his dogs started drooling in response to a bell sounding. What part of the digestive process did he stimulate? 

a. cephalic phase 

b. gastric phase 

c. intestinal phase 

d. elimination phase 

How do birds digest their food in the absence of teeth? 

Explain how the villi and microvilli aid in absorption. 

Name two components of the digestive system that perform mechanical digestion. Describe how mechanical digestion contributes to acquiring nutrients from food. 

What are essential nutrients? 

What is the role of minerals in maintaining good health? 

Discuss why obesity is a growing epidemic.

There are several nations where malnourishment is a common occurrence. What may be some of the health challenges posed by malnutrition? 

Generally describe how a piece of bread can power your legs as you walk up a flight of stairs. 

In the 1990s fat-free foods became popular among people trying to lose weight. However, many dieticians now conclude that the fat-free trend made people less healthy and heavier. Describe how this could occur. 

Explain why some dietary lipid is a necessary part of a balanced diet. 

The gut microbiome (the bacterial colonies in the intestines) has become a popular area of study in biomedical research. How could varying gut microbiomes impact a person’s nutrition? 

Many mammals become ill if they drink milk as adults even though they could consume it as babies. What causes this digestive issue? 

Describe how hormones regulate digestion. 

Describe one or more scenarios where the loss of hormonal regulation of digestion can lead to diseases. 

A scientist is studying a model that has a mutation in the receptor for somatostatin that prevents hormone binding. How would this mutation affect the structure and function of the digestive system?