Q9E - Chemistry (OpenStax)

Question

Write out the full electron configuration for each of the following atoms and for the monatomic ion found in binary ionic compounds containing the element: (a) \({\rm{Al}}\) (b) \({\rm{Br}}\) (c) \({\rm{Sr}}\) (d) \({\rm{Li}}\) (e) \({\rm{As}}\) (f) \({\rm{S}}\) .

Step-by-Step Solution

Answer

1. The electron configuration of the atom is obtained as: \({\rm{1s^{2}}}{{\rm{2s}}^{\rm{2}}}{\rm{2}}{{\rm{p}}^{\rm{6}}}{\rm{3}}{{\rm{s}}^{\rm{2}}}{\rm{3}}{{\rm{p}}^{\rm{1}}}\) as well as it’s ion is obtained as: \({\rm{1s^{2}}}{{\rm{2s}}^{\rm{2}}}{\rm{2}}{{\rm{p}}^{\rm{6}}}\).
2. The electron configuration of the atom is obtained as: \({\rm{1s^{2}}}{{\rm{2s}}^{\rm{2}}}{\rm{2}}{{\rm{p}}^{\rm{6}}}{\rm{3}}{{\rm{s}}^{\rm{2}}}{\rm{3}}{{\rm{p}}^{\rm{6}}}{\rm{3}}{{\rm{d}}^{{\rm{10}}}}{\rm{4}}{{\rm{s}}^{\rm{2}}}{\rm{4}}{{\rm{p}}^{\rm{5}}}\) as well as it’s ion is obtained as: \({\rm{1s^{2}}}{{\rm{2s}}^{\rm{2}}}{\rm{2}}{{\rm{p}}^{\rm{6}}}{\rm{3}}{{\rm{s}}^{\rm{2}}}{\rm{3}}{{\rm{p}}^{\rm{6}}}{\rm{3}}{{\rm{d}}^{{\rm{10}}}}{\rm{4}}{{\rm{s}}^{\rm{2}}}{\rm{4}}{{\rm{p}}^{\rm{6}}}\)  .
3. The electron configuration of the atom is obtained as:\({\rm{1}}{{\rm{s}}^{\rm{2}}}{\rm{2}}{{\rm{p}}^{\rm{6}}}{\rm{3}}{{\rm{s}}^{\rm{2}}}{\rm{3}}{{\rm{p}}^{\rm{6}}}{\rm{3}}{{\rm{d}}^{{\rm{10}}}}{\rm{4}}{{\rm{s}}^{\rm{2}}}{\rm{4}}{{\rm{p}}^{\rm{6}}}{\rm{5}}{{\rm{s}}^{\rm{2}}}\) as well as it’s ion is obtained as: \({\rm{1}}{{\rm{s}}^{\rm{2}}}{\rm{2}}{{\rm{p}}^{\rm{6}}}{\rm{3}}{{\rm{s}}^{\rm{2}}}{\rm{3}}{{\rm{p}}^{\rm{6}}}{\rm{3}}{{\rm{d}}^{{\rm{10}}}}{\rm{4}}{{\rm{s}}^{\rm{2}}}{\rm{4}}{{\rm{p}}^{\rm{6}}}\).
4. The electron configuration of the atom is obtained as: \({\rm{1s^{2}}}{{\rm{2s}}^{\rm{1}}}\) as well as it’s ion is obtained as: \({\rm{1s}^{2}}\) .
5. The electron configuration of the atom is obtained as: \({\rm{1}}{{\rm{s}}^{\rm{2}}}{\rm{2}}{{\rm{p}}^{\rm{6}}}{\rm{3}}{{\rm{s}}^{\rm{2}}}{\rm{3}}{{\rm{p}}^{\rm{6}}}{\rm{3}}{{\rm{d}}^{{\rm{10}}}}{\rm{4}}{{\rm{s}}^{\rm{2}}}{\rm{4}}{{\rm{p}}^{\rm{3}}}\) as well as it’s ion is obtained as: \({\rm{1}}{{\rm{s}}^{\rm{2}}}{\rm{2}}{{\rm{p}}^{\rm{6}}}{\rm{3}}{{\rm{s}}^{\rm{2}}}{\rm{3}}{{\rm{p}}^{\rm{6}}}{\rm{3}}{{\rm{d}}^{{\rm{10}}}}{\rm{4}}{{\rm{s}}^{\rm{2}}}{\rm{4}}{{\rm{p}}^{\rm{6}}}\).
6. The electron configuration of the atom is obtained as: \({\rm{1}}{{\rm{s}}^{\rm{2}}}{\rm{2}}{{\rm{p}}^{\rm{6}}}{\rm{3}}{{\rm{s}}^{\rm{2}}}{\rm{3}}{{\rm{p}}^{\rm{4}}}\) as well as it’s ion is obtained as: \({\rm{1}}{{\rm{s}}^{\rm{2}}}{\rm{2}}{{\rm{p}}^{\rm{6}}}{\rm{3}}{{\rm{s}}^{\rm{2}}}{\rm{3}}{{\rm{p}}^{\rm{6}}}\).

Step 1: Define Chemical Bonding

A chemical bond is a long-term attraction between atoms, ions, or molecules that allows chemical compounds to form.

Step 2: Writing the electron configuration for atom and monoatomic ion

a.

The electronic configuration for the atom \({\rm{Al}}\) is: \({\rm{1s^{2}}}{{\rm{2s}}^{\rm{2}}}{\rm{2}}{{\rm{p}}^{\rm{6}}}{\rm{3}}{{\rm{s}}^{\rm{2}}}{\rm{3}}{{\rm{p}}^{\rm{1}}}\) .

The ion \({\rm{A}}{{\rm{l}}^{{\rm{3 + }}}}\) having the electronic configuration as: \({\rm{1s^{2}}}{{\rm{2s}}^{\rm{2}}}{\rm{2}}{{\rm{p}}^{\rm{6}}}\) .

Therefore, electron configuration of the ion is: \({\rm{1s^{2}}}{{\rm{2s}}^{\rm{2}}}{\rm{2}}{{\rm{p}}^{\rm{6}}}\)  and the atom is:\({\rm{1s^{2}}}{{\rm{2s}}^{\rm{2}}}{\rm{2}}{{\rm{p}}^{\rm{6}}}{\rm{3}}{{\rm{s}}^{\rm{2}}}{\rm{3}}{{\rm{p}}^{\rm{1}}}\)  .

Step 3: Writing the electron configuration for atom and monoatomic ion

b.

The electronic configuration for the atom \({\rm{Br}}\) is:  \({\rm{1s^{2}}}{{\rm{2s}}^{\rm{2}}}{\rm{2}}{{\rm{p}}^{\rm{6}}}{\rm{3}}{{\rm{s}}^{\rm{2}}}{\rm{3}}{{\rm{p}}^{\rm{6}}}{\rm{3}}{{\rm{d}}^{{\rm{10}}}}{\rm{4}}{{\rm{s}}^{\rm{2}}}{\rm{4}}{{\rm{p}}^{\rm{5}}}\)   .

The ion \({\rm{B}}{{\rm{r}}^{\rm{ - }}}\) having the electronic configuration as:  \({\rm{1s^{2}}}{{\rm{2s}}^{\rm{2}}}{\rm{2}}{{\rm{p}}^{\rm{6}}}{\rm{3}}{{\rm{s}}^{\rm{2}}}{\rm{3}}{{\rm{p}}^{\rm{6}}}{\rm{3}}{{\rm{d}}^{{\rm{10}}}}{\rm{4}}{{\rm{s}}^{\rm{2}}}{\rm{4}}{{\rm{p}}^{\rm{6}}}\)  . .

Therefore, electron configuration of the ion is:  \({\rm{1s^{2}}}{{\rm{2s}}^{\rm{2}}}{\rm{2}}{{\rm{p}}^{\rm{6}}}{\rm{3}}{{\rm{s}}^{\rm{2}}}{\rm{3}}{{\rm{p}}^{\rm{6}}}{\rm{3}}{{\rm{d}}^{{\rm{10}}}}{\rm{4}}{{\rm{s}}^{\rm{2}}}{\rm{4}}{{\rm{p}}^{\rm{6}}}\)  . and the atom is:  \({\rm{1s^{2}}}{{\rm{2s}}^{\rm{2}}}{\rm{2}}{{\rm{p}}^{\rm{6}}}{\rm{3}}{{\rm{s}}^{\rm{2}}}{\rm{3}}{{\rm{p}}^{\rm{6}}}{\rm{3}}{{\rm{d}}^{{\rm{10}}}}{\rm{4}}{{\rm{s}}^{\rm{2}}}{\rm{4}}{{\rm{p}}^{\rm{5}}}\)  .

Step 4: Writing the electron configuration for atom and monoatomic ion

c.

The electronic configuration for the atom \({\rm{Sr}}\) is: \({\rm{1}}{{\rm{s}}^{\rm{2}}}{\rm{2}}{{\rm{p}}^{\rm{6}}}{\rm{3}}{{\rm{s}}^{\rm{2}}}{\rm{3}}{{\rm{p}}^{\rm{6}}}{\rm{3}}{{\rm{d}}^{{\rm{10}}}}{\rm{4}}{{\rm{s}}^{\rm{2}}}{\rm{4}}{{\rm{p}}^{\rm{6}}}{\rm{5}}{{\rm{s}}^{\rm{2}}}\) .

The ion \({\rm{S}}{{\rm{r}}^{{\rm{2 + }}}}\) having the electronic configuration as: \({\rm{1}}{{\rm{s}}^{\rm{2}}}{\rm{2}}{{\rm{p}}^{\rm{6}}}{\rm{3}}{{\rm{s}}^{\rm{2}}}{\rm{3}}{{\rm{p}}^{\rm{6}}}{\rm{3}}{{\rm{d}}^{{\rm{10}}}}{\rm{4}}{{\rm{s}}^{\rm{2}}}{\rm{4}}{{\rm{p}}^{\rm{6}}}\). .

Therefore, electron configuration of the ion is: \({\rm{1}}{{\rm{s}}^{\rm{2}}}{\rm{2}}{{\rm{p}}^{\rm{6}}}{\rm{3}}{{\rm{s}}^{\rm{2}}}{\rm{3}}{{\rm{p}}^{\rm{6}}}{\rm{3}}{{\rm{d}}^{{\rm{10}}}}{\rm{4}}{{\rm{s}}^{\rm{2}}}{\rm{4}}{{\rm{p}}^{\rm{6}}}\).  and the atom is: \({\rm{1}}{{\rm{s}}^{\rm{2}}}{\rm{2}}{{\rm{p}}^{\rm{6}}}{\rm{3}}{{\rm{s}}^{\rm{2}}}{\rm{3}}{{\rm{p}}^{\rm{6}}}{\rm{3}}{{\rm{d}}^{{\rm{10}}}}{\rm{4}}{{\rm{s}}^{\rm{2}}}{\rm{4}}{{\rm{p}}^{\rm{6}}}{\rm{5}}{{\rm{s}}^{\rm{2}}}\) .

Step 5: Writing the electron configuration for atom and monoatomic ion

d.

The electronic configuration for the atom \({\rm{Li}}\) is:  \({\rm{1s^{2}}}{{\rm{2s}}^{\rm{1}}}\)  .

The ion \({\rm{L}}{{\rm{i}}^{\rm{ + }}}\) having the electronic configuration as: \({\rm{1s}^{2}}\) .

Therefore, electron configuration of the ion is: \({\rm{1s}^{2}}\)  and the atom is:  \({\rm{1s^{2}}}{{\rm{2s}}^{\rm{1}}}\) .

Step 6: Writing the electron configuration for atom and monoatomic ion

e.

The electronic configuration for the atom \({\rm{As}}\) is: \({\rm{1}}{{\rm{s}}^{\rm{2}}}{\rm{2}}{{\rm{p}}^{\rm{6}}}{\rm{3}}{{\rm{s}}^{\rm{2}}}{\rm{3}}{{\rm{p}}^{\rm{6}}}{\rm{3}}{{\rm{d}}^{{\rm{10}}}}{\rm{4}}{{\rm{s}}^{\rm{2}}}{\rm{4}}{{\rm{p}}^{\rm{3}}}\) .

The ion \({\rm{A}}{{\rm{s}}^{{\rm{3 - }}}}\) having the electronic configuration as: \({\rm{1}}{{\rm{s}}^{\rm{2}}}{\rm{2}}{{\rm{p}}^{\rm{6}}}{\rm{3}}{{\rm{s}}^{\rm{2}}}{\rm{3}}{{\rm{p}}^{\rm{6}}}{\rm{3}}{{\rm{d}}^{{\rm{10}}}}{\rm{4}}{{\rm{s}}^{\rm{2}}}{\rm{4}}{{\rm{p}}^{\rm{6}}}\) .

Therefore, electron configuration of the ion is:\({\rm{1s^{2}2}}{{\rm{s}}^{\rm{2}}}{\rm{2}}{{\rm{p}}^{\rm{6}}}\) and the atom is:\({\rm{1}}{{\rm{s}}^{\rm{2}}}{\rm{2}}{{\rm{p}}^{\rm{6}}}{\rm{3}}{{\rm{s}}^{\rm{2}}}{\rm{3}}{{\rm{p}}^{\rm{6}}}{\rm{3}}{{\rm{d}}^{{\rm{10}}}}{\rm{4}}{{\rm{s}}^{\rm{2}}}{\rm{4}}{{\rm{p}}^{\rm{3}}}\)  

Step 7: Writing the electron configuration for atom and monoatomic ion

f.

The electronic configuration for the atom \({\rm{S}}\) is:\({\rm{1}}{{\rm{s}}^{\rm{2}}}{\rm{2}}{{\rm{p}}^{\rm{6}}}{\rm{3}}{{\rm{s}}^{\rm{2}}}{\rm{3}}{{\rm{p}}^{\rm{4}}}\)   .

The ion \({{\rm{S}}^{{\rm{2 - }}}}\) having the electronic configuration as:\({\rm{1}}{{\rm{s}}^{\rm{2}}}{\rm{2}}{{\rm{p}}^{\rm{6}}}{\rm{3}}{{\rm{s}}^{\rm{2}}}{\rm{3}}{{\rm{p}}^{\rm{6}}}\).  .

Therefore, electron configuration of the ion is: \({\rm{1}}{{\rm{s}}^{\rm{2}}}{\rm{2}}{{\rm{p}}^{\rm{6}}}{\rm{3}}{{\rm{s}}^{\rm{2}}}{\rm{3}}{{\rm{p}}^{\rm{6}}}\). and the atom is:\({\rm{1}}{{\rm{s}}^{\rm{2}}}{\rm{2}}{{\rm{p}}^{\rm{6}}}{\rm{3}}{{\rm{s}}^{\rm{2}}}{\rm{3}}{{\rm{p}}^{\rm{4}}}\)   .