Q5E - Chemistry (OpenStax)

Question

Predict the charge on the monatomic ions formed from the following atoms in binary ionic compounds: (a) \({\rm{P}}\) (b) \({\rm{Mg}}\) (c) \({\rm{Al}}\) (d) \({\rm{O}}\) (e) \({\rm{Cl}}\) (f) \({\rm{Cs}}\).

Step-by-Step Solution

Answer

1. The charge on monatomic ions is predicted as:\({{\rm{P}}^{{\rm{3 - }}}}\).
2. The charge on monatomic ions is predicted as:\({\rm{M}}{{\rm{g}}^{{\rm{2 + }}}}\).
3. The charge on monatomic ions is predicted as:\({\rm{A}}{{\rm{l}}^{{\rm{3 + }}}}\).
4. The charge on monatomic ions is predicted as:\({{\rm{O}}^{{\rm{2 - }}}}\).
5. The charge on monatomic ions is predicted as:\({\rm{C}}{{\rm{l}}^{\rm{ - }}}\).
6. The charge on monatomic ions is predicted as:\({\rm{C}}{{\rm{s}}^{\rm{ + }}}\).

Step 1: Define Chemical Bonding

A chemical bond is a long-term attraction between atoms, ions, or molecules that allows chemical compounds to form.

Step 2: Predicting the charge on monatomic ions

a.

The electronic configuration of  \({\rm{P : -  }}\left( {{\rm{Ne}}} \right){\rm{3s ^ {\rm{2}}\ 3p}}^ {\rm{3}} \)

Phosphorous will receive three electrons and form \({{\rm{P}}^{{\rm{3 - }}}}\) in order to obtain the closest noble-gas electrical configuration (of Argon).

Therefore, the charge on monatomic ions is:\({{\rm{P}}^{{\rm{3 - }}}}\).

Step 3: Predicting the charge on monatomic ions

b.

The electronic configuration of \({\rm{Mg : -  }}\left( {{\rm{Ne}}} \right){\rm{3s}}^ {\rm{2}} \)  .

Magnesium will loose two electrons and form \({\rm{M}}{{\rm{g}}^{{\rm{2 + }}}}\) in order to obtain the closest noble-gas electrical configuration (of Neon).

Therefore, the charge on monatomic ions is:\({\rm{M}}{{\rm{g}}^{{\rm{2 + }}}}\).

Step 4: Predicting the charge on monatomic ions

c.

The electronic configuration of   \({\rm{Al : -  }}\left( {{\rm{Ne}}} \right){\rm{3s}^ {\rm{2}}\ }{{\rm{p}}^{\rm{1}}}\) .

Aluminum will loose three electrons and form \({\rm{A}}{{\rm{l}}^{{\rm{3 + }}}}\) in order to obtain the closest noble-gas electrical configuration (of Neon).

Therefore, the charge on monatomic ions is:\({\rm{A}}{{\rm{l}}^{{\rm{3 + }}}}\).

Step 5: Predicting the charge on monatomic ions

d.

The electronic configuration of \({\rm{O : -  }}\left( {{\rm{He}}} \right){\rm{2s}^ {\rm{2}}\ }{{\rm{2p}}^{\rm{4}}}\)  .

Oxygen will receive two electrons and form \({{\rm{O}}^{{\rm{2 - }}}}\) in order to obtain the closest noble-gas electrical configuration (of Neon).

Therefore, the charge on monatomic ions is:\({{\rm{O}}^{{\rm{2 - }}}}\).

Step 6: Predicting the charge on monatomic ions

e.

The electronic configuration of  \({\rm{Cl : -  }}\left( {{\rm{Ne}}} \right){\rm{3s}^ {\rm{2}}\ }{{\rm{3p}}^{\rm{5}}}\) .

Phosphorous will receive one electron and form \({\rm{C}}{{\rm{l}}^{\rm{ - }}}\) in order to obtain the closest noble-gas electrical configuration (of Argon).

Therefore, the charge on monatomic ions is:\({\rm{C}}{{\rm{l}}^{\rm{ - }}}\).

Step 7: Predicting the charge on monatomic ions

f.

The electronic configuration of   \({\rm{Cs : -   }}\left( {{\rm{Xe}}} \right){\rm{6}}{{\rm{s}}^{\rm{1}}}\).

\({\rm{Cs}}\)willloose one electron and form \({\rm{C}}{{\rm{s}}^{\rm{ + }}}\) in order to obtain the closest noble-gas electrical configuration (of Xenon).

Therefore, the charge on monatomic ions is:\({\rm{C}}{{\rm{s}}^{\rm{ + }}}\).