Q45 P - Chemistry: Molecular Nature Of Matter And Change

Question

Describe the makeup of a complex ion, including the nature of the ligands and their interaction with the central metal ion. Explain how a complex ion can be positive or negative and how it occurs as part of a neutral coordination compound.

Step-by-Step Solution

Answer

Transition metal (M), which has some number of empty orbital, reacts with the quantity of ligands (L) which is up to the quantity of metals empty orbital. The formed complex is neutral, cationic or anionic.

Step 1: Definition of Coordination Compound

A coordination complex consists of a central atom or ion, which is typically metallic and is termed the coordination center, and a surrounding array of bound molecules or ions, that are successively called ligands or complexing agents.

Step 2: Solve the given statements

When the complex ion is made, on the start we've the transition metal with some oxidation number (M²⁺) and this metal has some number of empty orbitals. These empty orbitals react with ligands which have lone electron pair and a few number (Li-). It depends on the amount of transition metal's empty orbitals what percentage ligands (n) will react, because the quantity of ligands is capable the amount of empty orbitals. This formed complex can have zero charge (neutral), + charge (cationic) and - charge (anionic).

$M^{x+}+n{L}^{y-}>>{\left[MLn\right]}^{2-ny}$