Q43. - Organic Chemistry

Question

Question: What alkyl halides are needed to prepare each carboxylic acid using the malonic ester synthesis?

Step-by-Step Solution

Answer

Answer

 

The alkyl halides needed to prepare each carboxylic acid by the malonic ester synthesis are shown below.

Step 1: Definition of malonic ester reaction

The process of conversion of diethyl malonate to a carboxylic acid in three steps is known as the malonic ester reaction. It takes place when the  -hydrogen is abstracted from diethyl malonate, followed by a nucleophilic attack on the halide group. The last step is hydrolysis and decarboxylation.

Step 2: Retrosynthetic pathway for obtaining the starting materials

To obtain the starting materials, a retrosynthetic analysis is followed, as shown below.

Representation of the retrosynthetic approach of the product

Step 3: Forward pathway for obtaining the product

To obtain the product, a forward reaction scheme analysis is followed, as shown below.