Q114P - Chemistry: Molecular Nature Of Matter And Change

Question

Before the use of systematic names, many compounds had common names.   Give the systematic name for each of the following:

$$\begin{gathered} \mathbf{a}\mathbf{)}\mathbf{ }\mathbf{blue}\mathbf{ }\mathbf{vitriol}\mathbf{,}\mathbf{ }{\mathbf{CuSO}}_{\mathbf{4}\mathbf{-}}\mathbf{5}{\mathbf{H}}_{\mathbf{2}}\mathbf{O}\mathbf{ }\mathbf{ }\mathbf{ } \\ \mathbf{b}\mathbf{)}\mathbf{ }\mathbf{Slaked}\mathbf{ }\mathbf{lime}\mathbf{,}\mathbf{ }\mathbf{Ca}{\mathbf{\left(}\mathbf{OH}\mathbf{\right)}}_{\mathbf{2}}\mathbf{ }\mathbf{c}\mathbf{)}\mathbf{ }\mathbf{Oil}\mathbf{ }\mathbf{of}\mathbf{ }\mathbf{vitriol}\mathbf{,}\mathbf{ }{\mathbf{H}}_{\mathbf{2}}{\mathbf{SO}}_{\mathbf{4}} \\ \mathbf{d}\mathbf{)}\mathbf{ }\mathbf{Washing}\mathbf{ }\mathbf{soda}\mathbf{,}\mathbf{ }{\mathbf{Na}}_{\mathbf{2}}{\mathbf{CO}}_{\mathbf{3}} \\ \mathbf{e}\mathbf{)}\mathbf{ }\mathbf{Muriatic}\mathbf{ }\mathbf{acid}\mathbf{,}\mathbf{HCI} \\ \mathbf{f}\mathbf{)}\mathbf{ }\mathbf{Epsom}\mathbf{ }\mathbf{salt}\mathbf{,}\mathbf{ }{\mathbf{MgSO}}_{\mathbf{4}\mathbf{-}}\mathbf{7}{\mathbf{H}}_{\mathbf{2}}\mathbf{O}\mathbf{ }\mathbf{ }\mathbf{ } \\ \mathbf{g}\mathbf{)}\mathbf{ }\mathbf{Chalk}\mathbf{,}{\mathbf{CaCO}}_{\mathbf{3}}\mathbf{ }\mathbf{ } \\ \mathbf{h}\mathbf{)}\mathbf{ }\mathbf{Dry}\mathbf{ }\mathbf{ice}\mathbf{,}\mathbf{ }{\mathbf{CO}}_{\mathbf{2}}\mathbf{ }\mathbf{ } \\ \mathbf{i}\mathbf{)}\mathbf{ }\mathbf{Baking}\mathbf{ }\mathbf{Soda}\mathbf{,}{\mathbf{NaHCO}}_{\mathbf{3}}\mathbf{ }\mathbf{ } \\ \mathbf{j}\mathbf{)}\mathbf{ }\mathbf{Iye}\mathbf{,} \end{gathered}$$

Step-by-Step Solution

Answer

$$\begin{gathered} \mathrm{The} \mathrm{systematic} \mathrm{name} \mathrm{of} {\mathrm{CuSO}}_{4-}5{\mathrm{H}}_2\mathrm{O} \mathrm{is} \mathrm{Copper} \left(\mathrm{II}\right) \mathrm{Sulfate} \mathrm{pentahydrate}. \\ \mathrm{The} \mathrm{systematic} \mathrm{name} \mathrm{of} \mathrm{Ca}{\left(\mathrm{OH}\right)}_2 \mathrm{is} \mathrm{Calcium} \mathrm{Hydroxide}. \\ \mathrm{The} \mathrm{systematic} \mathrm{name} \mathrm{of} {\mathrm{H}}_2{\mathrm{SO}}_4 \mathrm{is} \mathrm{Sulfuric} \mathrm{acid}. \\ \mathrm{The} \mathrm{systematic} \mathrm{name} \mathrm{of} {\mathrm{Na}}_2{\mathrm{CO}}_{3 }\mathrm{is} \mathrm{Sodium} \mathrm{carbonate}. \\ \mathrm{The} \mathrm{Systematic} \mathrm{name} \mathrm{of} \mathrm{HCI} \mathrm{is} \mathrm{Hydrochloric} \mathrm{acid}. \\ \mathrm{The} \mathrm{Systematic} \mathrm{name} \mathrm{of} {\mathrm{MgSO}}_{4-}7{\mathrm{H}}_2\mathrm{O} \mathrm{is} \mathrm{Magnesium} \mathrm{sulfate} \mathrm{heptahydrate}. \\ \mathrm{The} \mathrm{Systematic} \mathrm{name} \mathrm{of} {\mathrm{CaCO}}_3 \mathrm{is} \mathrm{Calcium} \mathrm{carbonate}. \\ \mathrm{The} \mathrm{Systematic} \mathrm{name} \mathrm{of} {\mathrm{CO}}_2 \mathrm{is} \mathrm{Carbon} \mathrm{dioxide}. \\ \mathrm{The} \mathrm{Systematic} \mathrm{name} \mathrm{of} {\mathrm{NaHCO}}_{3 }\mathrm{is} \mathrm{Sodium} \mathrm{bicarbonate}. \\ \mathrm{The} \mathrm{Systematic} \mathrm{name} \mathrm{of} \mathrm{NaOH} \mathrm{is} \mathrm{Sodium} \mathrm{hydroxide}. \end{gathered}$$

Step 1:Defining systematic name for the compound

Every compound has a common name but its systematic name shows the chemical composition of the compound.

These systematic names are given based on a set of rules framed by the IUPAC naming system.

Step 2:Systematic name for Blue vitriol

The compound is identified as Ionic.

As copper has many ionic forms, the charge is calculated first.

Sulfate is said to be a polyatomic ion with forms ${\mathbf{SO}}_{\mathbf{4}}^{\mathbf{2}\mathbf{-}}$

Subscripts get interchanged as charges.

 ${\mathbf{CuSO}}_{\mathbf{4}}\mathbf{\to }\mathbf{Cu}\mathbf{+}{\mathbf{SO}}_{\mathbf{4}}^{\mathbf{2}\mathbf{-}}\mathbf{\to }{\mathbf{Cu}}^{\mathbf{2}\mathbf{+}}\mathbf{+}{\mathbf{SO}}_{\mathbf{4}}^{\mathbf{2}\mathbf{-}}$

Five water molecules add the prefix “Penta-“, to the hydrate at the end.

The systematic name is Copper Sulfate pentahydrate.

Step 3:Systematic name for Slaked lime

The compound is identified as Ionic.

The charge of each ion is dependent on the number of atoms.

The systematic name is Calcium Hydroxide.

Step 4:Systematic name for oil of vitriol

The compound is an acid derivative of polyatomic ion sulfate ${\mathbf{SO}}_{\mathbf{4}}^{\mathbf{2}}$.

So the Sulfate “-ate” gets changed to “-uric acid”.

The systematic name is Sulfuric acid.

Step 5:Systematic name for Washing soda

The compound is identified as Ionic.

The charge of each ion is dependent on the number of atoms.

The systematic name is Sodium carbonate.

Step 6: Systematic name for muriatic acid

The compound is identified as a strong acid.

The systematic name is Hydrochloric acid.

Step 7:Systematic name for Epsom salt

The compound is identified as Ionic.

The name of the compound is given as Magnesium sulfate.

Seven water molecules add the prefix “hepta-“, to the hydrate at the end.

The systematic name is Magnesium sulfate heptahydrate.

Step 8:Systematic name for Chalk

The compound is identified as Ionic.

The charge of each ion is dependent on the number of atoms.

The systematic name is Calcium carbonate.

Step 9:Systematic name for dry ice

The molecule is identified as a covalent compound with the molecular formula ${\mathbf{CO}}_{\mathbf{2}}$ .

The systematic name depends on the number of atoms.

So the ending of the second element changes to “-ide”.

The systematic name is Carbon dioxide.

Step 10:Systematic name for Baking soda

The compound is identified as Ionic with a formula ${\mathbf{NaHCO}}_{\mathbf{3}}$.

The charge of each ion is dependent on the number of atoms.

The systematic name is Sodium bicarbonate.

Step 11:Systematic name for Iye

The compound is identified as Ionic with a formula NaOH.

The charge of each ion is dependent on the number of atoms.

The systematic name is Sodium hydroxide.