Q. 71 - An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry

Question

Identify each of the following as an acid or a base: (10.1)

a. ${\mathrm{H}}_2{\mathrm{SO}}_4$

b.$\mathrm{RbOH}$

c.$\mathrm{Ca}(\mathrm{OH}{)}_2$

d.$\mathrm{HI}$

Step-by-Step Solution

Answer

(Part a).${\mathrm{H}}_2{\mathrm{SO}}_4$is a powerful acid.

(Part b).width="45" style="max-width: none; vertical-align: -4px;" $\mathrm{RbOH}$ is a strong base.

(Part c).width="62" style="max-width: none; vertical-align: -9px;" $\mathrm{Ca}(\mathrm{OH}{)}_2$ is strong base.

(Part d).$\mathrm{HI}$ is a powerful acid.

Step:1 Introduction And Explanation of H 2 SO 4

A substance that produces hydrogen ions, and according to Adsorption isotherm theory, is an acid. $\left({\mathrm{H}}^{+}\right)$ in an aqueous solution.

The following equation can be used to depict the reaction of ${\mathrm{H}}_2$ and ${\mathrm{SO}}_4$ with water:

${\mathrm{H}}_2{\mathrm{SO}}_4\left(aq\right)+{\mathrm{H}}_2\mathrm{O}\left(l\right)\to {\mathrm{HSO}}_4^{-}\left(aq\right)+{\mathrm{H}}_3{\mathrm{O}}^{-}\left(aq\right)$

$\begin{array}{cc}\text{ Sulfuric Water }& \text{ Hydrogen Hydronium }\\ \text{ acid }& \text{ sulfate ion ion }\end{array}$

A single proton  $\left({\mathrm{H}}^{+}\right)$ does not exist in water; when it comes into contact with it, it forms the hydronium ion $\left({\mathrm{H}}_3{\mathrm{O}}^{\ast }\right)$
.

 As a result, ${\mathrm{H}}_2{\mathrm{SO}}_4$ is an acid.

Step:2 Explanation of RbOH

A bases, and according to Arrhenius hypothesis, is indeed a substance that generates a metal ion and hydroxide ions in such an aqueous solution $\left({\mathrm{OH}}^{-}\right)$. The calculation represents the reactions between $\mathrm{RbOH}$  using water:

$\mathrm{RbOH}\left(s\right)\stackrel{{\mathrm{H}}_2\mathrm{O}}{⟶}{\mathrm{Rb}}^{+}\left(aq\right)+{\mathrm{OH}}^{-}\left(aq\right)$

$\begin{array}{ccc}\text{ Rubidium }& \text{ Rubidium }& \text{ Hydroxide }\\ \text{ hydroxide }& \text{ ion }& \text{ ion }\end{array}$

As a result, $\mathrm{RbOH}$ is a bases.

Step:3 Explanation of Ca ( OH ) 2

 A bases, and according to Arrhenius hypothesis, is a molecule that generates a metal ion and hydroxide ions in an aqueous solution $\left({\mathrm{OH}}^{-}\right)$. The following formula represents the combination of $\mathrm{Ca}(\mathrm{OH}{)}_2$ with water:

$\mathrm{Ca}\left(\mathrm{OH}{)}_2\right(s\left)\stackrel{{\mathrm{H}}_2\mathrm{O}}{\stackrel{}{⟶}}{\mathrm{Ca}}^{2+}\right(aq)+2{\mathrm{OH}}^{-}(aq)$

$\begin{array}{lcc}\text{ Calcium }& \text{ Calcium }& \text{ Hydroxide }\\ \text{ hydroxide }& \text{ ion }& \text{ ion }\end{array}$

As a result, $\mathrm{Ca}(\mathrm{OH}{)}_2$ the base

Step:4 Explanation of H I

 An acid, according to the Arrhenius theory, is a chemical that produces hydrogen ions in such an aqueous solution $\left({\mathrm{H}}^{+}\right)$. The following is a representation of HI's reaction with water:

$\mathrm{HI}\left(aq\right)+{\mathrm{H}}_2\mathrm{O}\left(l\right)\to {\mathrm{I}}^{-}\left(aq\right)+{\mathrm{H}}_3{\mathrm{O}}^{+}\left(aq\right)$

$\begin{array}{cccc}\text{ Hydroiodic }& \text{ Water }& \text{ Iodide }& \text{ Hydronium }\\ \text{ acid }& \text{ ion }& \text{ ion }& \end{array}$

A single proton $\left({\mathrm{H}}^{+}\right)$does not exist in water; however, it quickly reacts with it to generate the hydronium ion$\left({\mathrm{H}}_3{\mathrm{O}}^{+}\right)$ 

 As a result, HI is an acid.