Q. 6.86 - An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry

Question

Identify the major type of intermolecular forces between the particles of each of the following:
 a. $HCl$
 b. $Mg{F}_2$
 c. $PB{r}_3$
 d. $N{H}_3$

Step-by-Step Solution

Answer

(a) The intermolecular forces is dipole-dipole attraction.

(b)The intermolecular forces is Ionic bond.

(c) The intermolecular forces is dipole-dipole attraction. 

(d)The intermolecular forces is hydrogen bonding.

Part(a) Step1 : Given information.

We have been given that,

$HCl$

We need to find the type of intermolecular forces between it's particles.

Part(a) Step2 : Simplify.

The type of intermolecular forces between it's particles is dipole-dipole attraction.

• Electronegativity difference between both atoms is very less.
• Used in cleansing agent, gastric acid, etc
• Polar molecule.

Part(b) Step1 : Given information.

We have been given that,

$Mg{F}_2$

We need to find the type of intermolecular forces between it's particles.

Part(b) Step2 : Simplify.

The type of intermolecular forces between it's particles is ionic.

• Magnesium is metal and fluorine is nonmetal.
• Strong ionic attraction is there .
• Compound is white crystalline salt.

Part(c) Step1 : Given information.

We have been given that,

$PB{r}_3$

We need to find the type of intermolecular forces between it's particles.

Part(c) Step2 : Simplify.

The type of intermolecular forces between it's particles is dipole-dipole attraction.

• Three bonding pairs and one lone pairs of electron in $PB{r}_3$.
• It is  colorless liquid .
• It has pyramidal geometry.

Part(d) Step1 : Given information.

We have been given that,

$N{H}_3$

We need to find the type of intermolecular forces between it's particles.

Part(d) Step2 : Simplify.

The type of intermolecular forces between it's particles is  hydrogen bonding.

• Hydrogen bonding is special type of strong dipole-dipole attraction.
• Happens between hydrogen and electronegative atom.