Q. 6.154 - An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry

Question

Identify the error in each of the following Lewis structures and draw the correct formula:$\left(6.6\right)$

a. 

b.

c.

Step-by-Step Solution

Answer

a. The correct Lewis structure is  .

b. The correct Lewis structure is  .

c. The correct Lewis structure is  .

Part (a) step 1: Given Information

We need to find the error in the given Lewis structure and need to correct it accordingly.

Part (a) step 2: Explanation

Now, the valence electrons of each element are correct.

the number of valence electrons of $Cl$ is $7$ and of $O$ is $6$. Each element contributes $1$ electron to the bond it participates in.

In the molecule, $O$ atom is connected with $4$ bonds and has $0$ electron pairs which mean that it has $6$ valence electrons, which is also incorrect it should have $7$.

To correct this, there should be a single bond between $Cl-O$.

Counting the number of valence electrons that $Cl$ and $O$. Chlorine contributes with $7$ and oxygen contributes with $6$ valence electrons.

The correct Lewis structure is then.

Part (b) step 1: Given Information

We need to find the error in the given Lewis structure and need to correct it accordingly.

Part (b) step 2: Explanation

Here, the number of valence electrons of $C$ is $4$ and of $O$ is $6$. Each element contribute $1$  an electron to the bond it participates in.

In the molecule, $O$ atom is connected with $1$bond and has $3$ electron pairs, therefore it has $7$ valence electrons which is incorrect. It should have $6$.

In the molecule, $C$ is connected with three bonds and has $0$ electron pairs which means that it has $3$valence electrons, which is also incorrect it should have $4$.

To correct this, there should be a double bond between $C=O$ and $O$ should have $2$ electron pairs.

Counting the number of valence electrons that $C$and $O$ now have, can say that the structure is correct. Nitrogen contributes with $4$ and oxygen contributes with $6$ valence electrons.

The correct Lewis structure is then:

Part (c) step 1: Given Information

We need to find the error in the given Lewis structure and need to correct it accordingly.

Part (c) step 2: Explanation

Here, the valence electrons of each element are correct.

The number of valence electrons of $N$ is $5$ and of $O$ is $6$. Each element contributes $1$ an electron to the bond it participates in.

In the molecule, $O$ the atom is connected with $3$ bonds and has $1$ electrons pair, therefore it has $3$valence electrons which is incorrect. It should have $6$.

In molecule, $N$ is connected with four bonds and has $1$electron pair which means that it has $6$ valence electrons, which is also incorrect it should have $5$.

To correct this, there should be a single bond between  $N-O$and $O$ should have $2$ electron pairs.

Counting the number of valence electrons that $N$and $O$ now , can say that the structure is correct Nitrogen contributes with $5$ and oxygen contributes with $6$ valence electrons.

The correct Lewis structure is then: