Q. 4.99 - An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry

Question

For the following atoms, determine the number of protons, neutrons, and electrons: $(4.4 ,4.5)$

a. ${}_{48}{}^{114}Cd$

b. ${}_{43}{}^{98}Tc$

c. ${}_{79}{}^{199}Au$

d. ${}_{86}{}^{222}Rn$

e. ${}_{54}{}^{136}Xe$

Step-by-Step Solution

Answer

a. The number of electrons is $48$, neutrons is $66$ , and protons is $48$ in  ${}_{48}{}^{114}Cd$.

b. The number of electrons is $43$ , neutrons is $55$, and protons is $43$ in   ${}_{43}{}^{98}Tc$.

c. The number of electrons is $79$, neutrons is $120$ , and protons is$79$ in   ${}_{79}{}^{199}Au$.

d. The number of electrons is $86$, neutrons is $136$ , and protons is $86$ in   ${}_{86}{}^{222}Rn$.

e. The number of electrons is $54$ , neutrons is $82$, and protons is $54$ in   ${}_{54}{}^{136}Xe$.

Part (a) step 1: Given Information

We need to find the number of electrons, protons, and neutrons,   in  ${}_{48}{}^{114}Cd$.

Part (a) step 2: Simplify

Consider: ${}_{48}{}^{114}Cd$

The standard form atom is  ${}_z{}^{A}X$

A is the mass number of atom 

Z is the number of the element 

Number of  protons in element (P) = Atomic number = Z =Number of electron (e) Number is neutrons =(N) Mass number (A)=$P+N$

$N=A-P=A-Z$

Here, Z=  $48$ and A$=114$

Then,

e $=48$

p$=48$

N$=114-48=66$

Part (b) step 1: Given Information

We need to find the number of electrons, protons, and neutrons,   in ${}_{43}{}^{98}Tc$.

Part (b) step 2: Simplify

Consider: ${}_{43}{}^{98}Tc$

The standard form atom is ${}_z{}^{A}X$

A is the mass number of atom 

Z is the number of the element 

Number of  protons in element (P) = Atomic number = Z =Number of electron (e) Number is neutrons =(N) Mass number (A)=$P+N$

$N=A-P=A-Z$

Here Z$=43$ and A$=98$

Then, 

e$=43$

p$=43$

N$=98-43=55$

Part (c) step 1: Given Information

We need to find the number of electrons, protons, and neutrons,   in ${}_{79}{}^{199}Au$.

Part (c) step 2: Simplify

Consider: ${}_{79}{}^{199}Au$

The standard form atom is ${}_z{}^{A}X$

A is the mass number of atom 

Z is the number of the element 

Number of  protons in element (P) = Atomic number = Z =Number of electron (e) Number is neutrons =(N) Mass number (A)=$P+N$

$N=A-P=A-Z$

Here Z$=79$ and A$= 199$

Then,

e$=79$

p$=79$

N$=199-79=120$

Part (d) step 1: Given Information

We need to find the number of electrons, protons, and neutrons,   in ${}_{86}{}^{222}Rn$.

Part (d) step 2: Simplify

Consider: ${}_{86}{}^{222}Rn$

The standard form atom is ${}_z{}^{A}X$

A is the mass number of atom 

Z is the number of the element 

Number of  protons in element (P) = Atomic number = Z =Number of electron (e) Number is neutrons =(N) Mass number (A)$=P+N$

$N=A-P=A-Z$

Here, Z$=86$ and A$=222$

Then,

e $=86$

p$=86$

N$=222-86=136$

Part (e) step 1: Given Information

We need to find the number of electrons, protons, and neutrons,   in ${}_{54}{}^{136}Xe$.

Part (e) step 2: Simplify

Consider: ${}_{54}{}^{136}Xe$

The standard form atom is ${}_z{}^{A}X$

A is the mass number of atom 

Z is the number of the element 

Number of  protons in element (P) = Atomic number = Z =Number of electron (e) Number is neutrons =(N) Mass number (A)$=P+N$

$N=A-P=A-Z$

Here, Z$=54$ and $A=136$

Then,

e $=54$

p $=54$

N$=136-54=82$