Q. 4.73 - An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry

Question

Which statements completed with a to e will be true and which will be false?

An atom of $N$ compared to an atom of $Li$ has a larger (greater)

a. atomic size

b. ionization energy

c. number of protons

d. metallic character

e. number of valence electrons

Step-by-Step Solution

Answer

(a) The given statement is, False

(b) The given statement is, True

(c) The given statement is, True

(d) The given statement is, False

(e) The given statement is, True

Part (a) Step 1: Given information

We are given that the atomic size $N$atom is larger than that of $Li$ atom

Part (a) Step 2: Explanation

We know that,

$Li$ and $N$ are in the same period two but are in separate groups. $Li$ is in group $1A$, while $N$ is in group $5A$.

Atomic size decreases from left to right throughout the same period.  In comparison to$Li$, $N$ is on the right side. So, the atomic size of $Li$ is larger than $N$. But it contradicts the given statement.

Therefore, the given statement is false.

Part (b) Step 1: Given information

We are given that the ionization energy of $N$ atom is greater than $Li$ atom.

Part (b) Step 2: Explanation

According to the periodic table, Lithium and nitrogen are in the same period but in different groups. From left to right ionization energy increases. So ionization energy of nitrogen is larger than lithium which is the given statement.

Therefore, the given statement is true.

Part (c) Step 1: Given information

We are given that no. of protons in $N$ atom is larger than that in $Li$ atom

Part (c) Step 2: Explanation

$Li$ has an atomic number of $3$ and $N$ has an atomic number of $7$.

As we know that, atomic no. is equal to no. of protons. So, $Li$ has three protons in its nucleus, and $N$ has seven protons in its nucleus which implies that $N$ possesses more protons than $Li$.

Therefore, the given statement is true.

Part (d) Step 1: Given information

We are given that metallic character of $N$ atom is greater than that of the $Li$ atom

Part (d) Step 2: Explanation

$Li$ and $N$ are in the same period two but are in separate groups.

In the same period, the metallic character reduces from left to right. In comparison to $Li$, $N$ is to the left.

As a result, $N$ has a less metallic character than$Li$.

Therefore, the given statement is false

Part (e) Step 1: Given information

We are given that no. of valence electrons in $N$ atom is larger than that in $Li$ atom.

Part (e) Step 2: Explanation

We know that,

No. of valence electron in $Li$atom is one and in $N$ atom is five which implies that no. of valence electrons in $N$ atom are greater than that in $Li$

Therefore, the given statement is true