Q. 4.71 - An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry

Question

Complete each of the statements a to d using $1,2 or 3$:

$1.$ decreases $2.$ increases $3.$ remains the same

Going down Group $6$A ($16$),

(a) the ionization energy______. 

(b) the atomic size _______.

(c) the metallic character _______.

(d) the number of valence electrons______.

Step-by-Step Solution

Answer

Going down the group-

(a) the ionization energy decreases. 

(b) the atomic size increases.

(c) the metallic character increases.

(d) the number of valence electrons remain same.

Part (a) Step 1: Given Information

We have to find out the effect of going down the group on ionization energy.

Part (a) Step 2: Explanation

As we move down the group ionization energy decreases because when electron is far from nucleus it is easy to remove the electrons and that is why less energy will be required.

Hence, (a) the ionization energy decreases. 

Part (b) Step 1: Given Information

We have to find out the effect of going down the group on  atomic size.

Part (b) Step 2: Explanation

As we move down the group atomic size increases because the number of energy level in an atom increases and hence more space will be required which result in increasing the size

Hence, (b) the atomic size increases.

Part (c) Step 1: Given Information

We have to find out the effect of going down the group on metallic character.

Part (c) Step 2: Explanation

As we move down the group metallic character increases because electrons are easy to remove when they are far from nucleus and that is why they will lose the electron easily.

Hence, (c) the metallic character increases.

Part (d) Step 1: Given Information

We have to find out the effect of going down the group on number of valence electrons.

Part (d) Step 2: Explanation

As we move down the group number of valence electrons remains same because electronic configuration remains same and the valence electrons will remain same in the outer electronic shell.

Hence, (d) the number of valence electrons remain same.