Q 12.33 - An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry

Question

Draw the condensed structural formula for the alcohol formed when each of the following is reduced by hydrogen in the presence of a nickel catalyst: 

a. butyraldehyde                    b. acetone 

c. hexanal                               d. 2-methyl-3-pentanone

Step-by-Step Solution

Answer

(a) The condensed structure of butyraldehyde is$C{H}_3-C{H}_2-C{H}_2-C{H}_2-OH$.

(b) The condensed structure of acetone is${\mathrm{CH}}_3-\mathrm{CH}\left(\mathrm{O}\right)-{\mathrm{CH}}_3$.

(c) The condensed structure of hexanal is${\mathrm{CH}}_3-{\mathrm{CH}}_2-{\mathrm{CH}}_2-{\mathrm{CH}}_2-{\mathrm{CH}}_2-{\mathrm{CH}}_2-\mathrm{OH}$.

(d) The condensed structure of $2-$methyl$-3-$pentanone is${\mathrm{CH}}_3-\mathrm{CH}\left({\mathrm{CH}}_3\right)-\mathrm{CH}\left(\mathrm{OH}\right)-{\mathrm{CH}}_2-{\mathrm{CH}}_3$.

Part (a) Step 1: Given information

We need to draw the condensed structural formula when the compound is reduced by hydrogen in the presence of a nickel catalyst.

Part (a) Step 2: Explanation

In organic chemistry, alcohol oxidation is a crucial process. Aldehydes and ketone are reduced by hydrogen in the presence of a nickel catalyst.

When butyraldehyde is reduced by hydrogen in the presence of a nickel catalyst, butanol is formed.

The condensed formula is$C{H}_3-C{H}_2-C{H}_2-C{H}_2-OH$.

Part (b) Step 1: Given information

We need to draw the condensed structural formula when the compound is reduced by hydrogen in the presence of a nickel catalyst.

Part (b) Step 2: Explanation

In organic chemistry, alcohol oxidation is a crucial process. Aldehydes and ketones are reduced by hydrogen in the presence of a nickel catalyst.

When acetone is reduced by hydrogen in the presence of a nickel catalyst,$\mathrm{propan}-2-\mathrm{ol}$ is formed.

The condensed formula is${\mathrm{CH}}_3-\mathrm{CH}\left(\mathrm{O}\right)-{\mathrm{CH}}_3$.

Part (c) Step 1: Given information

We need to draw the condensed structural formula when the compound is reduced by hydrogen in the presence of a nickel catalyst.

Part (c) Step 2: Explanation

In organic chemistry, alcohol oxidation is a crucial process. Aldehydes and ketones are reduced by hydrogen in the presence of a nickel catalyst.

When hexanal is reduced by hydrogen in the presence of a nickel catalyst, hexanol is formed.

The condensed structure is${\mathrm{CH}}_3-{\mathrm{CH}}_2-{\mathrm{CH}}_2-{\mathrm{CH}}_2-{\mathrm{CH}}_2-{\mathrm{CH}}_2-\mathrm{OH}$.

Part (d) Step 1: Given information

We need to draw the condensed structural formula when the compound is reduced by hydrogen in the presence of a nickel catalyst.

Part (d) Step 2: Explanation

In organic chemistry, alcohol oxidation is a crucial process. Aldehydes and ketones are reduced by hydrogen in the presence of a nickel catalyst.

When$2-\mathrm{methyl}-3-\mathrm{pentanone}$ is reduced by hydrogen in the presence of a nickel catalyst,$2-\mathrm{methyl}-3-\mathrm{pentanol}$ is formed.

The condensed structure is${\mathrm{CH}}_3-\mathrm{CH}\left({\mathrm{CH}}_3\right)-\mathrm{CH}\left(\mathrm{OH}\right)-{\mathrm{CH}}_2-{\mathrm{CH}}_3$.