Problem 94 - A Complete Resource Book in Chemistry for JEE Main

Question

Match the following $$ \begin{array}{ll} \hline \text { Column-I } & \text { Column-II } \\ \hline \text { (a) Aspirin } & \text { (p) Antipyretic } \\ \text { (b) Paracetamol } & \text { (q) Analgesics } \\ \text { (c) } 0.2 \% \text { Phenol } & \text { (r) Antiseptic } \\ \text { (d) } 1 \% \text { Phenol } & \text { (s) Disinfectant } \\ & \text { (t) Antibiotic } \\ \hline \end{array} $$

Step-by-Step Solution

Answer

(a) Aspirin: p, q; (b) Paracetamol: p; (c) 0.2% Phenol: r; (d) 1% Phenol: s.

Step 1: Understand the Options

Examine the choices in Column-I and Column-II. Column-I lists chemical substances like Aspirin, Paracetamol, and phenol in different concentrations. Column-II provides their potential uses such as Antipyretic, Analgesics, Antiseptic, Disinfectant, and Antibiotic.

Step 2: Match for Aspirin

Aspirin is known as an analgesic and antipyretic. Analgesics are pain relievers, and antipyretics reduce fever. Thus, Aspirin matches with both Antipyretic (p) and Analgesic (q) in Column-II.

Step 3: Match for Paracetamol

Paracetamol is used primarily as an antipyretic and an analgesic. These uses align with the options Antipyretic (p) and Analgesic (q) in Column-II. However, it's mainly associated with fever reduction, so Antipyretic (p) is the best choice.

Step 4: Match for 0.2% Phenol

A 0.2% phenol solution is dilute enough for topical application on wounds to prevent infection, classifying it as an antiseptic. Therefore, 0.2% Phenol matches with Antiseptic (r) in Column-II.

Step 5: Match for 1% Phenol

A 1% phenol solution has a strong concentration, often too harsh for direct application on living tissue. It is used to kill microbes on non-living surfaces, classifying it as a disinfectant. Thus, 1% Phenol matches with Disinfectant (s) in Column-II.

Key Concepts

Analgesics

Analgesics are medications specifically designed to relieve pain. They work by blocking pain signals in the brain or by inhibiting the production of certain chemicals in the body that cause pain. These drugs are crucial for managing various types of pain, from headaches to chronic conditions such as arthritis.
Understanding the mechanism of analgesics is important because it helps us use them effectively and safely. Aspirin and paracetamol are common examples of analgesics. These substances help alleviate mild to moderate pain and are easily available, often found in households.

• Aspirin: It not only acts as an analgesic but is also an antipyretic.
• Paracetamol: Known for its analgesic and antipyretic properties, often used to treat minor aches and pains.

It's important to follow dosage instructions for analgesics to avoid potential side effects, like stomach irritation in the case of aspirin. Never exceed the recommended dosage without consulting a healthcare professional, as misuse can lead to serious health complications.

Antipyretics

Antipyretics are agents that are specifically used to reduce fever. A fever is often a natural response to infection, helping the body to fight pathogens. However, high fevers can be uncomfortable or dangerous, which is why antipyretics are helpful.
These medications work by acting on the hypothalamus, the part of the brain that regulates body temperature, effectively lowering it. This can bring relief from the discomfort of a fever quickly.

• Aspirin and Paracetamol: Both serve as effective antipyretics, helping to lower body temperature during fever.
• Choose antipyretics based on other symptoms and personal health conditions.

Always use antipyretics judiciously, as misguided usage can mask symptoms of more serious conditions requiring medical attention. Proper use ensures that body temperature is managed safely, without interfering negatively with the body's natural processes.

Antiseptics

Antiseptics are chemical substances used to prevent infection in wounds by inhibiting the growth of or killing microorganisms. They are different from disinfectants, as antiseptics are suitable for application on living tissues.
A typical use of antiseptics is in cleaning cuts and abrasions to prevent the onset of infection. Some common antiseptic substances include hydrogen peroxide and alcohol solutions.

• 0.2% Phenol solution: Acts as a mild antiseptic and is safe for application on the skin.
• Application areas: Wound cleansing, pre-surgical skin preparations, and mouthwashes.

Antiseptics must always be used according to safety guidelines to prevent chemical burns or irritation, particularly with more potent solutions. They are indispensable in first aid, allowing for immediate care that suppresses potential infection.

Disinfectants

Disinfectants are chemical agents used to destroy harmful microorganisms or kill bacteria, primarily on non-living surfaces. They are more potent than antiseptics, making them unsuitable for application on skin but effective in sterilizing surfaces.
Common applications include cleaning floors, bathrooms, and kitchen surfaces, where hygiene is paramount. Disinfectants help to maintain a sanitary environment by minimizing the presence of infectious agents.

• 1% Phenol solution: Acts as a strong disinfectant, generally used for cleaning and sterilizing non-living surfaces.
• Key usage: Ideal in health facilities and homes to ensure surfaces are free from dangerous pathogens.

Due to their strength, it is vital to ensure proper ventilation when using higher concentration disinfectants to avoid inhalation of harmful fumes. As with all chemical cleaning agents, adhering to manufacturer guidelines is crucial to ensure both efficacy and safety.