Problem 91 - A Complete Resource Book in Chemistry for JEE Main

Question

Match list I with list II and select the correct answer using the code given below the lists. List I (chemotherapeutic agents) 1\. Antibiotic 2\. Antiseptic 3\. Analgesic 4\. Tranquilizer List II (examples) A. Chloroxylenol B. Chloampheniramine C. Chloramphenicol D. Diclophenac sodium E. Veronal Codes: (a) \(1-\mathrm{A}, 2-\mathrm{C}, 3-\mathrm{D}, 4-\mathrm{E}\) (b) \(1-\mathrm{B}, 2-\mathrm{A}, 3-\mathrm{D}, 4-\mathrm{E}\) (c) \(1-\mathrm{B}, 2-\mathrm{C}, 3-\mathrm{E}, 4-\mathrm{D}\) (d) \(1-\mathrm{C}, 2-\mathrm{A}, 3-\mathrm{D}, 4-\mathrm{E}\)

Step-by-Step Solution

Answer

Option (d) is correct: 1-C, 2-A, 3-D, 4-E.

Step 1: Understand the Categories

Identify the categories in List I: 1. Antibiotic - used to treat bacterial infections. 2. Antiseptic - applied to living tissues to reduce infection, sepsis, or putrefaction. 3. Analgesic - used to relieve pain. 4. Tranquilizer - used to reduce tension or anxiety.

Step 2: Understand the Examples

Review List II to determine possible matches: A. Chloroxylenol - an antiseptic and disinfectant. B. Chloampheniramine - an antihistamine, not directly related to any primary options in List I. C. Chloramphenicol - an antibiotic used to treat infections. D. Diclophenac sodium - a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, used as an analgesic. E. Veronal - a barbiturate, used as a sedative or tranquilizer.

Step 3: Match Antibiotic

Match the antibiotic category from List I with the suitable example from List II. - Chloramphenicol (C) in List II matches with Antibiotic (1) from List I.

Step 4: Match Antiseptic

Match the antiseptic category from List I with the suitable example from List II. - Chloroxylenol (A) in List II is an antiseptic and matches with Antiseptic (2) from List I.

Step 5: Match Analgesic

Match the analgesic category from List I with the suitable example from List II. - Diclophenac sodium (D) from List II is an analgesic and matches with Analgesic (3) from List I.

Step 6: Match Tranquilizer

Match the tranquilizer category from List I with the suitable example from List II. - Veronal (E) in List II is a tranquilizer and matches with Tranquilizer (4) from List I.

Step 7: Choose Correct Code

Based on steps 3 to 6, the correct matches are: 1- C, 2- A, 3- D, 4- E. This corresponds with option (d).

Key Concepts

Antibiotics

Antibiotics are remarkable chemotherapeutic agents that play a pivotal role in treating bacterial infections. These substances are specifically designed to target bacteria, either by killing them outright or by inhibiting their growth and reproduction. This makes antibiotics essential in the fight against bacterial diseases and infections.

Antibiotics, such as Chloramphenicol mentioned in the exercise, are part of a broader group of substances known as antimicrobials, which also include antifungal and antiviral agents. Chloramphenicol works by inhibiting protein synthesis in bacteria, effectively halting their ability to grow and multiply.

It is crucial to use antibiotics responsibly to prevent the development of antibiotic-resistant strains of bacteria. Overuse or misuse of antibiotics can lead to resistance, making it difficult to treat common infections. Always complete a prescribed course of antibiotics, even if you feel better, to ensure that all bacteria are eliminated.

In sum, antibiotics are vital for managing bacterial infections, and their judicious use is key to maintaining their effectiveness.

Antiseptics

Antiseptics are chemotherapeutic agents used primarily to prevent infections by killing or inhibiting the growth of microorganisms on the skin and other living tissues. Unlike antibiotics, which are taken internally to fight infections inside the body, antiseptics are applied externally.

Chloroxylenol, highlighted in the exercise, is a common antiseptic found in many household disinfectants and medical products. It is effective against a wide range of bacteria and some viruses and fungi, ensuring that wounds remain free from infection and heal properly.

Antiseptics often come in the form of creams, gels, or liquids and are used in medical settings to clean wounds, surgical areas, and hands. They are critical in minimizing the risk of infection following injuries or during medical procedures.

Remember, while antiseptics are effective at preventing infections on surfaces or superficial cuts, they are not suitable for treating deeper or more severe infections, which might require antibiotics.

Analgesics

Analgesics, commonly known as painkillers, are a class of medication used to relieve pain without causing loss of consciousness. These agents are crucial for managing various types of pain, from headaches and menstrual cramps to more severe pain associated with injuries or surgery.

Diclophenac sodium, identified in the exercise, is an example of a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) that serves as an analgesic. It works by reducing substances in the body that cause inflammation and pain, thus effectively alleviating discomfort from conditions like arthritis.

Analgesics are available over-the-counter for mild to moderate pain or by prescription for more intense pain. They are integral in improving quality of life and enabling individuals to perform daily activities without pain limitiations.

It's important to follow dosage instructions carefully, as overuse of some analgesics can lead to side effects or health complications. Always consult a healthcare professional for persistent or severe pain issues.

Tranquilizers

Tranquilizers are chemotherapeutic agents used to alleviate anxiety, tension, and associated stress-related symptoms. These medications help individuals manage stress by exerting a calming effect on the nervous system.

Veronal, mentioned in the exercise, is part of the group known as barbiturates and was traditionally used as a sedative or tranquilizer. While effective, barbiturates have largely been replaced by other medications due to their potential for dependence and safer alternatives.

There are two main classes of tranquilizers: major tranquilizers, which are used in the treatment of mental disorders, and minor tranquilizers, which are used for anxiety and tension relief. The latter is often referred to as anxiolytics.

As with all medications, tranquilizers should be used under medical supervision to prevent dependence and ensure proper management of the underlying conditions. Those on tranquilizers should follow their healthcare provider's instructions closely to mitigate any risks associated with their use.