Problem 75 - Chemistry The Central Science

Question

Give the name or chemical formula, as appropriate, for each of the following acids: \((\mathbf{a}) \mathrm{HBrO}_{3},(\mathbf{b}) \mathrm{HBr},(\mathbf{c}) \mathrm{H}_{3} \mathrm{PO}_{4},(\mathbf{d})\) hypochlorous acid, (e) iodic acid, (f) sulfurous acid.

Step-by-Step Solution

Answer

The names and chemical formulas of the given acids are as follows: a) HBrO3 - Bromic acid b) HBr - Hydrobromic acid c) H3PO4 - Phosphoric acid d) Hypochlorous acid - HClO e) Iodic acid - HIO3 f) Sulfurous acid - H2SO3

Step 1: Find the name or formula for each acid provided:

For each given acid, determine whether its name or formula is needed, and then provide the corresponding name or formula.

Step 2: a) HBrO3:

HBrO3 is an oxyacid, which can be named according to the following rule: "If an oxyacid has n oxygen atoms, then the hypohalite has n, the halite has n-1, and the haloate has n+1." HBrO3 has 3 oxygen atoms, so the oxyacid is bromate (BrO3). When combined with a hydrogen ion (H), the chemical formula is HBrO3. Thus, the name of this acid is bromic acid.

Step 3: b) HBr:

HBr is a binary acid, which are named by the prefix "hydro-" followed by the stem of the element's name, then the suffix "-ic", and finally the word "acid". In this case, the element is bromine, so the stem of its name is "brom-". Therefore, the name of HBr is hydrobromic acid.

Step 4: c) H3PO4:

H3PO4 is an oxyacid, so we can follow the rule provided in step a). There are 4 oxygen atoms in H3PO4, so the oxyacid is phosphate (PO4). When combined with 3 hydrogen ions (H), the chemical formula is H3PO4. Thus, the name of this acid is phosphoric acid.

Step 5: d) Hypochlorous acid:

For hypochlorous acid, we need to find the chemical formula. This acid contains a hypochlorite ion (ClO). Hypochlorite is the oxyacid containing less oxygen than the halite. As acids are formed by combining hydrogen ions (H) and anions, the hypochlorous acid has a chemical formula of HClO.

Step 6: e) Iodic acid:

For iodic acid, we need to find the chemical formula. This is an oxyacid, and according to the naming rule mentioned in step a), we can determine that the ion is iodate (IO3). Oxyacids are formed by combining hydrogen ions (H) with anions, so in this case, the chemical formula for iodic acid is HIO3.

Step 7: f) Sulfurous acid:

For sulfurous acid, we need to find the chemical formula. This is also an oxyacid, and according to the naming rule mentioned in step a), we can determine that the ion is sulfite (SO3). Since sulfurous acid is one oxygen atom less than its corresponding haloate (SO4), we have to remove one oxygen atom, resulting in HSO3. Therefore, the chemical formula for sulfurous acid is H2SO3.