Problem 72 - Chemistry The Central Science

Question

Name the following ionic compounds: (a) \(\mathrm{KCN},(\mathbf{b})\mathrm{NaBrO}_{2}\) \((\mathbf{c}) \operatorname{Sr}(\mathrm{OH})_{2}, \quad(\mathbf{d}) \quad\) CoTe (e) \(\mathrm{Fe}_{2}\left(\mathrm{CO}_{3}\right)_{3}, \quad(\mathbf{f}) \quad \mathrm{Cr}\left(\mathrm{NO}_{3}\right)_{3}$$(\mathrm{g})\left(\mathrm{NH}_{4}\right)_{2} \mathrm{SO}_{3},(\mathbf{h}) \mathrm{NaH}_{2} \mathrm{PO}_{4}$$(\mathbf{i}) \mathrm{KMnO}_{4},(\mathrm{i}) \mathrm{Ag}_{2} \mathrm{Cr}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{7}\)

Step-by-Step Solution

Answer

The names of the ionic compounds are as follows: \(a)\) Potassium Cyanide \(b)\) Sodium Bromite \(c)\) Strontium Hydroxide \(d)\) Cobalt(II) Telluride \(e)\) Iron(III) Carbonate \(f)\) Chromium(III) Nitrate \(g)\) Ammonium Sulfite \(h)\) Sodium Dihydrogen Phosphate \(i)\) Potassium Permanganate \(j)\) Silver(I) Dichromate

Step 1: Identify the cation and anion

In this ionic compound, K is the cation, which is a potassium ion, and CN is the anion, which is a cyanide ion.

Step 2: Name the ionic compound

The ionic compound's name is Potassium Cyanide. #b. Na(BrO2):

Step 1: Identify the cation and anion

In this ionic compound, Na is the cation, which is a sodium ion, and BrO2 is the anion, which is a bromite ion.

Step 2: Name the ionic compound

The ionic compound's name is Sodium Bromite. #c. Sr(OH)2:

Step 1: Identify the cation and anion

In this ionic compound, Sr is the cation, which is a strontium ion, and OH is the anion, which is a hydroxide ion.

Step 2: Name the ionic compound

The ionic compound's name is Strontium Hydroxide. #d. CoTe:

Step 1: Identify the cation and anion

In this ionic compound, Co is the cation, which is a cobalt ion, and Te is the anion, which is a telluride ion.

Step 2: Name the ionic compound

The ionic compound's name is Cobalt(II) Telluride. #e. Fe2(CO3)3:

Step 1: Identify the cation and anion

In this ionic compound, Fe is the cation, which is a iron ion, and CO3 is the anion, which is a carbonate ion.

Step 2: Name the ionic compound

The ionic compound's name is Iron(III) Carbonate. #f. Cr(NO3)3:

Step 1: Identify the cation and anion

In this ionic compound, Cr is the cation, which is a chromium ion, and NO3 is the anion, which is a nitrate ion.

Step 2: Name the ionic compound

The ionic compound's name is Chromium(III) Nitrate. #g. (NH4)2SO3:

Step 1: Identify the cation and anion

In this ionic compound, NH4 is the cation, which is an ammonium ion, and SO3 is the anion, which is a sulfite ion.

Step 2: Name the ionic compound

The ionic compound's name is Ammonium Sulfite. #h. NaH2PO4:

Step 1: Identify the cation and anion

In this ionic compound, Na is the cation, which is a sodium ion, and H2PO4 is the anion, which is a dihydrogen phosphate ion.

Step 2: Name the ionic compound

The ionic compound's name is Sodium Dihydrogen Phosphate. #i. KMnO4:

Step 1: Identify the cation and anion

In this ionic compound, K is the cation, which is a potassium ion, and MnO4 is the anion, which is a permanganate ion.

Step 2: Name the ionic compound

The ionic compound's name is Potassium Permanganate. #j. Ag2Cr2O7:

Step 1: Identify the cation and anion

In this ionic compound, Ag is the cation, which is a silver ion, and Cr2O7 is the anion, which is a dichromate ion.

Step 2: Name the ionic compound

The ionic compound's name is Silver(I) Dichromate.

Key Concepts

Cation and Anion Identification

Ionic compounds are made up of ions, which are charged atoms or molecules. In each ionic compound, there are two types of ions: cations and anions. Cations are ions with a positive charge, while anions are ions with a negative charge. Identifying these ions is a critical first step in naming ionic compounds.
For example:

• In Potassium Cyanide ( KCN ), Potassium ( K ) is the cation with a +1 charge, and Cyanide ( CN ) is the anion with a -1 charge.
• In Sodium Bromite ( NaBrO_2 ), Sodium ( Na ) is the cation, and Bromite ( BrO_2^- ) is the anion.

It's important to recognize common ions and their charges to correctly identify the components of an ionic compound. This recognition allows chemists and students to further understand and manipulate chemical reactions in inorganic chemistry.

Chemical Nomenclature

Chemical nomenclature refers to the rules and conventions used to name chemical compounds precisely and systematically. The naming of ionic compounds involves identifying the cation followed by the anion. The name of the cation remains unchanged, while the name of the anion is typically altered based on specific templates or suffixes.
Some rules to keep in mind:

• For monoatomic anions (ions composed of one atom), such as Chloride from Chlorine, the suffix "-ide" is used.
• For polyatomic ions (ions composed of more than one atom) like Sulfate ( SO_4^{2-} ) or Nitrate ( NO_3^- ), the ion names are unique and must be memorized.
• Transition metals like Iron ( Fe ) or Copper ( Cu ) can form cations with different charges; therefore, Roman numerals indicate the charge in the formulation such as Iron(III) for Fe^{3+} .

Understanding chemical nomenclature ensures accurate communication across the scientific community, preventing misinterpretation of compound formulas and their properties.

Inorganic Chemistry

Inorganic chemistry is the branch of chemistry focused on compounds not primarily based on carbon-hydrogen bonds, which distinguishes it from organic chemistry. It deals extensively with ionic compounds, metals, minerals, and coordination complexes.
Inorganic chemistry explores the diverse and unique properties of ionic compounds. These include their high melting and boiling points, electrical conductivity in molten or dissolved states, and their often crystalline solid structures.
Key areas of focus within inorganic chemistry:

• Catalysis, where transition metals in ionic forms catalyze chemical reactions.
• The study of minerals, ores, and metals and their interactions, especially in the formation of compounds like Iron(III) Carbonate ( Fe_2(CO_3)_3 ).
• Environmental impact and lifecycle of inorganic compounds, such as the role of compounds like Potassium Permanganate ( KMnO_4 ) in water treatment.

The study of inorganic chemistry provides essential insights into materials that are crucial for various technological, industrial, and biological processes.