Problem 38 - A Complete Resource Book in Chemistry for JEE Main

Question

The process of separating a crystalloid, from a colloid by filtration, is called (a) emulsification (b) dialysis (c) coagulation (d) peptization

Step-by-Step Solution

Answer

(b) dialysis

Step 1: Understanding the Concepts

Before we identify the correct answer, we need to understand what each term means. Emulsification refers to the process of mixing two immiscible liquids, creating an emulsion. Dialysis is the process of separating small solutes from colloids through a semi-permeable membrane. Coagulation is the process by which colloidal particles clump together to form larger particles. Peptization is the process of converting a precipitate into colloidal particles by adding dispersing agents.

Step 2: Identifying the Process

The exercise asks about separating a crystalloid from a colloid by filtration. Out of the options, dialysis is the only technique that separates smaller particles (crystalloids) from larger particles (colloids) using a membrane, hence aligning with the description given in the exercise.

Step 3: Confirming the Answer

Emulsification, coagulation, and peptization do not involve the separation of crystal-like small particles from colloids using filtration. These processes deal with mixing, clumping, and dispersion of particles, which do not fit the exercise description of separation by filtration.

Key Concepts

Crystalloid and colloid separation

Crystalloids and colloids are both important in the field of chemistry, especially when it comes to separation processes. This task revolves around understanding these two types of mixtures. Crystalloids refer to small particles, typically ions or molecules, which can dissolve in a solution and are able to pass through a semi-permeable membrane easily. Colloids, however, are larger particles that do not dissolve fully and remain suspended in a medium.

The separation between crystalloids and colloids is essential in many processes, one of which is dialysis. Dialysis effectively separates small particles (crystalloids) from larger ones (colloids) using a semi-permeable membrane. This is crucial in areas like medicine, where it's used to clean blood in patients with kidney problems, and in various industrial applications that require the purification of liquids.

Filtration in chemistry

Filtration is a widely used technique in both household and laboratory settings, relying on the principle that different substances can be separated based on their size. When it comes to the separation of crystalloids from colloids, filtration becomes more specialized, involving the use of a semi-permeable membrane. This specific process is known as dialysis.

In chemistry, filtration can be simple, like using filter paper to separate sand from water, or more complex, like using dialysis bags to achieve crystalloid and colloid separation. The semi-permeable membranes employed in dialysis are designed to allow smaller particles to pass through while retaining larger ones. It's fascinating how such basic science principles greatly impact various fields, including pharmaceuticals and environmental science, enhancing our capacity to purify substances.

Semi-permeable membrane

A semi-permeable membrane is at the heart of numerous separation processes, including dialysis. These membranes have very tiny pores that allow only certain molecules to pass through based on size and sometimes charge. In the context of separating crystalloids from colloids, they are crucial.

Semi-permeable membranes selectively permit smaller crystalloid particles to exit while retaining larger colloid particles. Its functionality is a key contributor to efficient separation processes, as they mimic natural biological membranes found in living cells. By understanding the workings of these membranes, scientists can design processes for applications such as water purification, nutrient absorption, and even the development of artificial organs in medicine.