Problem 3 - Abnormal Psychology: An Integrative Approach

Question

In the following situations, label each level of intellectual disability as mild, moderate, severe, or profound. Also label the corresponding levels of necessary support: intermittent, limited, extensive, or pervasive. Jessica received an IQ score of 30. She lives in a fully staffed group home where she is trained in basic adaptive skills and communication. She is improving over time and can communicate by pointing or using her eye-gaze board. ____________, ____________

Step-by-Step Solution

Answer

Profound, Pervasive.

Step 1: Understanding IQ Scores and Intellectual Disability Levels

IQ scores are used to categorize intellectual disabilities. Here, the score is 30. This falls within the range for 'profound' intellectual disability, which is typically under 20-25.

Step 2: Analyzing Support Needs

The description notes that Jessica lives in a 'fully staffed group home' and is trained in basic adaptive skills and communication. This suggests continuous, round-the-clock support and training, which aligns with 'pervasive' support needs.

Step 3: Assigning the Intellectual Disability Level

Given the IQ of 30, we classify the level of intellectual disability as 'profound' due to the significant limitations in cognitive functioning.

Step 4: Assigning the Level of Support

Based on the living arrangement and the extent of care and training, her support is categorized as 'pervasive', indicating the highest level of support required.

Key Concepts

IQ scores

IQ scores play a crucial role in understanding intellectual disabilities. They are designed to measure cognitive ability compared to what's considered average for a specific age.
Scores are typically grouped into ranges, where higher scores indicate greater cognitive functioning.
When it comes to intellectual disabilities:

• A score above 70 is generally considered average.
• 50-70 suggests mild intellectual disability.
• 35-50 indicates a moderate level.
• 20-35 is classified as severe.
• Below 20 (or in some frameworks, under 25) is labeled as profound.

In Jessica's case, with an IQ score of 30, she falls within the profound intellectual disability range. This suggests very significant challenges in learning, problem-solving, and performing everyday tasks.

adaptive skills

Adaptive skills are essential for daily functioning and are often a focus in the treatment of intellectual disabilities. They encompass everyday tasks like communication, social skills, and personal care.
Improving adaptive skills can substantially enhance quality of life. People with intellectual disabilities, like Jessica, receive training in basic adaptive skills to help them live more independently.
Key areas of adaptive skills include:

• Communication: Abilities like understanding and using language, which Jessica is working on through gestures and eye-gazing.
• Social skills: Interacting with others in acceptable ways.
• Personal care: Tasks such as bathing, dressing, and eating.

These skills provide a framework for independence, even if significant support is necessary.

support needs

The type and level of support needed by individuals with intellectual disabilities vary. It often depends on their cognitive abilities, adaptive skills, and personal requirements.
Support is categorized into four levels:

• Intermittent: Support provided as-needed, such as during life transitions.
• Limited: Consistent but not intensive assistance; perhaps job training or daily routine structure.
• Extensive: Regular, daily support for certain tasks.
• Pervasive: Most intensive support, often around-the-clock care.

For Jessica, her profound intellectual disability means she needs pervasive support.
This level of support ensures her safety and helps her develop and maintain her skills within a stable and structured environment.

group home living

Group homes are residential settings where individuals with various support needs can live and receive care. They provide a community-like atmosphere with peers and professional staff.
These homes are essential for those who require more support than what family care alone can offer.
Benefits of living in a group home include:

• 24/7 Assistance: Round-the-clock support staff available for those who need constant help and supervision, like Jessica.
• Structured Environment: Consistent daily schedules that help residents thrive.
• Skill Development: Emphasis on teaching adaptive and life skills, promoting greater independence.
• Social Interaction: Opportunities for residents to engage with others, building social networks within the community.

Jessica's placement in a group home is ideal due to her need for continual, pervasive support coupled with the opportunity to improve her adaptive skills in a supportive environment.