Problem 2 - Abnormal Psychology: An Integrative Approach

Question

In the following situations, label each level of intellectual disability as mild, moderate, severe, or profound. Also label the corresponding levels of necessary support: intermittent, limited, extensive, or pervasive. Adam received an IQ score of \(45 .\) He lives in a fully staffed group home and needs a great deal of help with many tasks. He is beginning to receive training for a job in the community. ____________, ____________

Step-by-Step Solution

Answer

Severe, extensive

Step 1: Understand the IQ Score

Adam has an IQ score of 45. In psychological terms, intellectual disabilities are typically designated based on IQ levels. A score of 45 falls in the range typically associated with severe intellectual disability, which is generally between 40 and 55.

Step 2: Identify the Level of Intellectual Disability

Given Adam's IQ score of 45, we determine that his level of intellectual disability is categorized as 'severe.' This designation comes from standard classifications where scores between 40-55 indicate a severe intellectual disability.

Step 3: Determine the Necessary Support Level

Adam requires a great deal of help and lives in a fully staffed group home, indicating that his support needs are ongoing and substantial. These conditions suggest the need for 'extensive' support, where constant, daily assistance is crucial for his daily activities.

Step 4: Match Categories to Descriptions

Based on Adam's IQ score, his level of intellectual disability is 'severe.' Considering his living situation and support needs, the level of support necessary for him is 'extensive.'

Key Concepts

IQ score

An IQ score, or Intelligence Quotient score, is a common way to measure a person's intellectual capabilities. It is calculated through standardized tests designed to assess human intelligence. Most people score between 85 and 115, which is considered the average range. These scores are used to categorize the level of intellectual disability in an individual:

• A mild intellectual disability is usually an IQ score between 50 and 70.
• Moderate intellectual disability scores range from 35 to 49.
• Severe intellectual disability falls between 20 and 34, but some systems use 40 to 55.
• Profound intellectual disability is any IQ score below 20.

Each of these categories plays a critical role in determining the kind of support an individual might require. With an IQ score of 45, Adam falls in the severe intellectual disability range according to one classification.

severe intellectual disability

Severe intellectual disability refers to significant limitations in both intellectual functioning and adaptive behavior. This impacts everyday social and practical skills. People with severe intellectual disabilities often require comprehensive support in their daily activities. This level of disability typically involves:

• Difficulty with communication
• Challenges with self-care and daily living activities like dressing or feeding
• Struggles with interacting in social environments

Even though individuals might face considerable challenges, with appropriate support and resources, they can achieve meaningful participation in community activities. Adam, with an IQ of 45, fits into this category, necessitating extensive assistance in various life domains.

support levels

Support levels refer to the amount and frequency of assistance an individual needs to manage daily tasks effectively. The support levels can vary greatly, depending on the individual's intellectual and adaptive abilities. These levels include:

• Intermittent: Occasional support required. Often associated with transitional periods, such as switching jobs or moving.
• Limited: Consistent and regular support. This could include job coaching or assistance, but it's not needed constantly.
• Extensive: Regular, daily support. Individuals usually need help with daily life activities.
• Pervasive: Constant support, across all areas of life. This might involve full-time care or supervision.

In the case of Adam, featuring daily, ongoing assistance, he falls under the 'extensive' support needs category.

extensive support

Extensive support is provided continuously, typically on a daily basis. This level of support is necessary for individuals who cannot independently perform many routine tasks such as bathing, dressing, or eating. Adam, who lives in a fully staffed group home, exemplifies the need for such support. Extensive support is designed to help individuals not only with their daily living needs but also in areas like communication skills and community integration. The goal of extensive support is to promote the highest possible level of independence and quality of life, while ensuring safety and health. Despite requiring significant help, many individuals receiving extensive support participate in job training and social activities, much like Adam.