Problem 29 - 43 Years JEE ADVANCED (1978-2020) + JEE MAIN Chapterwise & Topicwise Solved Papers Chemistry

Question

Match the chemical substances in Column I with type of polymers/type of bonds in Column II. [2007]Column I Column II (A) Cellulose (p) Natural polymer (B) Nylon-6,6 (q) Synthetic polymer (C) Protein (r) Amide linkage (D) Sucrose (s) Glycoside linkage

Step-by-Step Solution

Answer

(A) - (p/s), (B) - (q/r), (C) - (p/r), (D) - (s)

Step 1: Identify Type for Cellulose

Cellulose is a natural polymer. It is made of glucose monomers linked together by glycoside linkages. Thus, match (A) Cellulose with options (p) Natural polymer and (s) Glycoside linkage in Column II.

Step 2: Identify Type for Nylon-6,6

Nylon-6,6 is a synthetic polymer. It is made through polymerization processes and includes amide linkages. Thus, match (B) Nylon-6,6 with options (q) Synthetic polymer and (r) Amide linkage in Column II.

Step 3: Identify Type for Protein

Proteins consist of amino acids linked by amide linkages, commonly known as peptide bonds. They are classified as natural polymers. Therefore, match (C) Protein with options (p) Natural polymer and (r) Amide linkage in Column II.

Step 4: Identify Type for Sucrose

Sucrose is a disaccharide, not a polymer, but it is linked by a glycoside linkage. Match (D) Sucrose with option (s) Glycoside linkage in Column II.

Key Concepts

Natural Polymers

Natural polymers are large molecules that occur naturally in living organisms. They are formed from monomers, which are smaller molecules that chemically bond together. A great example of a natural polymer is cellulose, which is found in the cell walls of plants. Cellulose consists of glucose monomers that are linked in a straight chain, providing structural support to plants. Proteins are another type of natural polymer made up of amino acids. These are crucial for various biological functions in animals and humans.

Many natural polymers, like cellulose and proteins, play essential roles in biology and ecology, providing materials like silk, rubber, and DNA. Here are some more points about natural polymers:

• Biodegradable and environmentally friendly.
• Play a crucial role in biological processes.
• Essential for the structural integrity of many organisms.

Synthetic Polymers

Synthetic polymers are human-made large molecules designed for specific uses. They are created through a process called polymerization, where monomers are chemically bonded to form complex structures. An example is Nylon-6,6, widely used in textiles and industrial applications. This synthetic polymer is known for its durability and strength.

Synthetic polymers have revolutionized materials science, introducing versatile compounds like plastics, rubbers, and fibers. Here are some features of synthetic polymers:

• Engineered for specific properties such as flexibility, durability, or resistance to chemicals.
• Widely used in everyday products, from clothing to automotive components.
• Can be tailored to possess unique properties not found in natural polymers.

Amide Linkage

An amide linkage is a type of bond important in both natural and synthetic polymers. It forms when an amine group (-NH₂) reacts with a carboxylic acid group (-COOH), releasing a molecule of water. In proteins, these linkages are commonly referred to as peptide bonds, connecting amino acids into long chains.

Nylon-6,6 also contains amide linkages, contributing to its strong and resilient characteristics. Some key points about amide linkages include:

• Found extensively in proteins and synthetic fibers like nylon.
• Contribute to the structural strength and stability of polymers.
• Enable the formation of complex three-dimensional structures in proteins.

Glycoside Linkage

Glycoside linkage is a type of covalent bond that connects a carbohydrate molecule to another group, which may or may not be another carbohydrate. This type of linkage is crucial in the formation of disaccharides and polysaccharides. In cellulose, glycoside linkages connect glucose units, while sucrose features a glycoside bond connecting glucose and fructose.

Glycoside linkages determine the properties of carbohydrates in both plants and animals. They affect digestibility, solubility, and biological functions. Important aspects of glycoside linkages include:

• Present in essential biomolecules like cellulose, starch, and glycogen.
• Affect the stability and structural integrity of carbohydrate-based molecules.
• Essential in energy storage and structural materials in nature.