Problem 144 - Objective Biology for NEET

Question

Name age-related disorder which is characterized by decreased bone mass and increased chances of fractures, also decreased level of estrogen is a common cause in it. (a) Osteoporosis (b) Gout (c) Tetany (d) Muscular dystrophy

Step-by-Step Solution

Answer

The correct answer is (a) Osteoporosis.

Step 1: Analyze the Characteristics of each Disorder

First, understand the characteristics of each listed disorder. Osteoporosis is characterized by decreasing bone density, which leads to an increased risk of bone fractures. Gout is a form of arthritis caused by excess uric acid in the bloodstream. Tetany is a symptom of a calcium imbalance and results in severe muscular spasms or cramps. Muscular dystrophy is a group of inherited diseases characterized by progressive weakness and loss of muscle mass.

Step 2: Match the Disorder to the Given Characteristics

Match the disorder that fits the characteristics given in the question, which are decreased bone mass, increased chances of fractures, and decreased level of estrogen as a common cause. From the analysis in Step 1, it can be seen that these characteristics match with Osteoporosis.

Step 3: Confirm the Answer

Finally, confirm that Osteoporosis is indeed the correct answer. This disease fits all the given characteristics, and as such it is the only correct response to the question. The decrease in estrogen levels, particularly common in women after menopause, is a significant risk factor for Osteoporosis.

Key Concepts

Bone Density

Bone density refers to the amount of bone mineral in bone tissue. This factor is crucial when determining bone strength and structural integrity. Higher bone density means your bones are stronger and less likely to fracture.
However, when bone density decreases, it causes bones to become fragile and break easily. As we age, maintaining bone density becomes a challenge.
It's important to engage in activities and consume a diet rich in calcium and vitamin D to support bone health and preserve bone density.

• Calcium is vital for maintaining bone structure.
• Vitamin D aids in calcium absorption.

Fractures

Fractures are breaks in the bone that occur when the bone cannot withstand a force or impact. They are common in cases of low bone density, such as in osteoporosis.
There are different types of fractures, including:

• Simple fractures, where the bone breaks but does not pierce the skin.
• Compound fractures, where the bone breaks and pierces the skin.

Osteoporosis increases the risk of fractures, especially in the hips, spine, and wrists. It's essential to prevent falls and stay strong with regular exercise to reduce fracture risk.

Estrogen Deficiency

Estrogen deficiency is common in women, particularly after menopause, and significantly contributes to the development of osteoporosis. Estrogen plays a crucial role in bone metabolism by inhibiting bone resorption.
When estrogen levels drop, bone density decreases more rapidly, which can lead to osteoporosis.
Ways to manage estrogen deficiency include:

• Hormone replacement therapy (HRT)
• Calcium and vitamin D supplements
• Lifestyle changes like regular exercise

Menopause

Menopause marks the end of menstrual cycles in women and typically occurs between ages 45 and 55. During menopause, the ovaries produce less estrogen, leading to several bodily changes. Among these changes is an increased risk of osteoporosis due to lower estrogen levels.
This time of transition can significantly impact bone health, and women may lose 1-2% of bone mass per year during the first few years post-menopause.
To mitigate these effects:

• Consider regular bone density screenings.
• Ensure a balanced diet with adequate calcium and vitamin D.
• Engage in weight-bearing and muscle-strengthening exercises.

Age-related Disorders

Age-related disorders are medical conditions that become more common as people grow older. Osteoporosis is a prime example, where decreased bone density leads to increased fracture risk. With age, the body's ability to renew bone decreases, making it more susceptible to fractures.
Other age-related disorders include cardiovascular diseases, arthritis, and cognitive decline.
Maintaining a healthy lifestyle, including a nutritious diet and regular physical activity, can help manage these conditions and improve overall quality of life.