Problem 137 - Objective Biology for NEET

Question

Name the joint that lies between sternum and the ribs in humans? (a) Fibrous joint (b) Gliding joint (c) Cartilaginous joint (d) Angular joint

Step-by-Step Solution

Answer

The joint between sternum and the ribs is the cartilaginous joint.

Step 1: Recall types of joints

Joints in the human body are classified into three types: fibrous joints, cartilaginous joints, and synovial joints. Each type of joint has different properties and is found at different locations in the body.

Step 2: Identify location of the joint

The sternum is a flat bone located in the center of the chest. It connects to the ribs through costal cartilages. This joint is the connection point between the sternum and the ribs.

Step 3: Identify type of joint

When two bones are united by cartilage, the joint is a cartilaginous joint. As the chest bones are united by costal cartilages, the joint between the sternum and ribs falls into this category.

Key Concepts

Human Anatomy

Human anatomy is a fascinating topic that explores the structures of the human body. It includes understanding how bones, muscles, organs, and other systems work together. This knowledge allows us to appreciate how complex and beautifully designed our bodies are.
The chest area, known as the thoracic cavity, includes major structures like the heart and lungs, which are protected by the rib cage. The rib cage is crucial for enclosing and safeguarding these vital organs and is an essential part of our skeletal system.

• The rib cage is made up of several bones, including the sternum, ribs, and costal cartilages.
• It plays a vital role in breathing by expanding and contracting.
• Understanding the anatomy of this area helps in grasping how the joints, like the cartilaginous joints, function.

This intricate arrangement of bones and joints ensures our body functions efficiently and remains robust against different types of stress.

Joint Types

Joints are the connections between bones in the body and are essential for movement and stability. They are classified into three main types based on their structure and function:

• Fibrous joints: These do not allow any movement. They are found in areas like the skull, where bones are closely connected by fibrous tissue.
• Cartilaginous joints: These joints are united by cartilage and allow for some movement. They are less mobile than synovial joints but more so than fibrous joints. An example is the joint between the sternum and ribs.
• Synovial joints: Known for their wide range of motion, these joints are surrounded by a synovial capsule and are found in areas like the knees and shoulders.

Each type of joint is uniquely suited to its location and function in the body, ensuring that we can move and flex as needed. Understanding these joints is crucial for comprehending how our body moves.

Rib Cage

The rib cage is an integral part of the human skeletal structure, playing a crucial role in protecting the heart and lungs. It comprises several parts, including the ribs, sternum, and costal cartilages.
There are 12 pairs of ribs, each forming a protective arch around the thoracic cavity.

• The ribs are curved bones that protect vital organs from injury.
• The sternum, or breastbone, is the flat bone located at the center, connecting the ribs via costal cartilage.
• Costal cartilages are flexible and serve as the attachment points for the ribs to the sternum, forming cartilaginous joints.

These joints provide a limited amount of movement, which is necessary for the expansion and contraction of the chest during breathing.
Understanding the rib cage's structure highlights its importance in not only protection but also in facilitating breathing mechanics.